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Computer Science Yr 10-11 > unit 5 > Flashcards

unit 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the internet

A

huge public network of computer systems
allows for the flow of information between devices
made up of computers, servers, switches and routers

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2
Q

what is the world wide web

A

the collection of resources that exist on the internet

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3
Q

what is a URL(Uniform resource locator)

A

they are text based addresses for web pages
used instead of IP addresses

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4
Q

what are URL’s made of

A

protocol(HTTP OR HTTPS)
domain name
web page

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5
Q

what is HTTP(Hypertext transfer protocol)

A

used to transfer resources
uses request codes to send and recieve data and perform other tasks

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6
Q

what are the different request codes

A

GET, POST, DELETE, PUT

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7
Q

what is the GET request code

A

request the web server to transmit a specific resource

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8
Q

what is the POST request code

A

requests to add content or data to a new page

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9
Q

what is the DELETE request code

A

removes the specified resource form the web server

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10
Q

what is the PUT request code

A

modifies an existing resource

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11
Q

what is a disadvantage of HTTP

A

any data sent by this protocol can be read by anyone

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12
Q

what is HTTPS(Hypertext transfer protocol secure)

A

secure method of sending data
done through asymmetric encryption

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13
Q

what are web browsers

A

allows us to surf the web and view web pages
they render HTML web pages and display the content

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14
Q

what are functions of web browsers

A

storing bookmarks and favorites
recording user history
allowing use of multiple tabs
storing cookies
providing navigation tools
providing an address bar

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15
Q

what is a DNS server

A

domain name system
keeps record of all domains in existence and maps each of these domains to an IP address

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16
Q

what happens if the DNS server does not have the requested IP address

A

it will request it from another DNS server

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17
Q

what is a web server

A

a computer system connected to the internet which stores multiple resources

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18
Q

what do web servers store

A

web pages
images
videos
audio files
interactive content

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19
Q

what happens when the web browser wants a resource

A

the web browser finds the correct IP address and then request the resource from the web server
it will then send the HTML which the browser turns into a readable form for the user

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20
Q

what are cookies and what do they do

A

small pieces of data that are stored on the users computer system
saves personal details
tracks user preferences
holds items in online shopping
stores login details

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21
Q

what are persistent cookies

A

they remove the need to alter settings on every visit to a website
they are stored on the HDD

22
Q

what are session cookies

A

stored temporarily on the computer system
stored in RAM
used to track the user in particular websites

23
Q

what is digital currency

A

a form of currency that only exists digitally

24
Q

what are characteristics of digital currency

A

decentralised- not controlled by any banks or authorities
irreversible and public- they are on a public record and only the person who owns their currency can move it
anonymous-sending and recieving digital currency is anonymous
limited supply- there is limited supply and circulation of digital currency

25
Q

advantages of digital currency

A

anonymous
decentralised
anyone can access it
no middle man taking the cut
cannot be manipulated

26
Q

disadvantages of digital currency

A

uses lots of resources to compute the hashes required
some digital currencies are not accepted widely
not a traditional bank
investors have turned digital currency into a commodity
value tends to fluctuate

27
Q

what is blockchain

A

a worldwide, synchronised system of digital ledgers
completely tamper proof

28
Q

what happens when data needs to be added to blockchain

A

when data is added a new block is added to the chain
each connecting block is linked to one another which provides a reliable record of events

29
Q

what do the blocks contain in blockchain

A

sender wallet address
receiver wallet address
amount sent
network fee
timestamp
number of confirmations

30
Q

what is social engineering

A

the art of manipulating individuals into giving away private information

31
Q

what is phishing

A

when a malicious email is sent to a target user with the intent of stealing information away from them

32
Q

what are brute force attacks

A

hackers go through a list of commonly used passwords

33
Q

how to stop brute force attacks

A

having very strong passwords

34
Q

what is malware

A

software that can cause harm to a computer system

35
Q

what can be done to stop malware

A

anti virus software should be installed on all computers
automatic updates are commonly used to keep anti virus software up to date
firewalls should be set up
users trained to avoid malware

36
Q

what is DDoS( Distributed Denial of Service) attack

A

when a number of computer systems send a large amount of internet traffic towards a single server or system
the server gets knocked offline and becomes inaccessible to users

37
Q

what is hacking

A

general term for gaining access to a computer system without authorisation

38
Q

what is pharming

A

form of fraud that takes place online through malicious websites
user is sent to a fake website

39
Q

what is data interception

A

when a malicious attacker intercepts data in transmit

40
Q

what are access levels

A

ensures that users can only access their personal documents and documents that are related to them

41
Q

what are count controlled loops

A

repeats loops a set number of times

42
Q

what are pre controlled loops

A

repeats loop while a condition is true

43
Q

what are post condition loops

A

repeats loop until a condition is true

44
Q

what are the benefits of using files for file storage

A

reusability(output can be imported back into programs)
large storage capacity
portability

45
Q

how can files be opened in python

A

open(<filename>,<mode>)</mode></filename>

46
Q

how can files be closed in python

A

file.close()

47
Q

what are the different modes with which files can be opened

A

read(r)
write(w)
append(a)
read/write(r+)

48
Q

how to open file in pseudo code

A

OPENFILE <filename> FOR <file></file></filename>

49
Q

how to close files in pseudocode

A

CLOSEFILE<filename></filename>

50
Q

command to write to files in python

A

file.write(“\nwriteanything”)

Computer Science Yr 10-11 (6 decks)

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