Unit 4.3; cultural perspectives Flashcards
Are all aspects of personality universal?
no, only some are universal, others are highly variable across culture
What is culture?
a set of attitudes, beliefs and behaviours, shared by a group of people communicated from one generation to the other
Enculturation
process of socialization through which an individual acquires his/her native culture mainly early in life
Cultural variations
some aspects are very similar within the group and different in comparison with other groups
e.g personality attributes that vary from group to group
Which influence does culture have on emotions an personality?
affects the way emotions are experienced and emotions expressed
What are “WEIRD” countries and how many participants in psychology studies come from them?
western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic
80%(only make up 12% of the population)
Evoked culture
cultural differences created by differing environmental conditions
-> capabilities present in all people that are elicited only in some cultural contexts
Transmitted culture
ideas, values etc. present in at least one person, transmitted to other through interactions
views of moral behavior; psych, principles that guide behavior, central to personality
-> cultures differ in views of whats right or wrong
Collectivist cultures (focus on the self)
communion and interdependence
self-view as connected
needs of the group-> individual needs
Individualistic cultures
agency and interdependence
self-view as autonomous
single person more important
Why is the differentiation into collectivistic and individualistic cultures often criticized?
cultural differences are a matter of degree
-> characterization may be overly simplistic and too general
self incorporates independence and interdependent aspects
What did McRae and colleagues study and what did they develop? What was the most striking finding ?
personality profiles of 50 different cultures
NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R)
-> 50 cultures similar in overall scores on five-factor model
cultural universities
Identify features of personality that seem to be present in most or all human cultures
Universality of the five-factor model
translation of existing questionnaires in other languages to test natives in other cultures
-> findings support big 5
-> evidence also extends to observer-based data
The HEXACO Model
cross-cultural research with lexical approach found evidence for six-factors
-> didn’t translate existing tests, but rather developed a new one
