unit 4.1 genetics Flashcards
what are the phases of mitosis
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
What happens during interphase
organelles and DNA are replicated as the cell prepares for division
what happens during prophase
chromosomes condense and become visible, spindle fibers and centrioles appear at each end of the cell
what happens during metaphase
chromosomes line up in the middle so chromatids can be pulled apart
what happens during anaphase
sister chromatids pulled to each end of the cell so it can undergo division
what happens during telophase
new nuclear membranes start to form around each new cell
what happens during cytokinesis
two new diploid daughter cells are created
define gene
a section of DNA that codes for a trait e.g. “eye colour”
define allele
a variation of a gene e.g. if eyes are blue or brown
define homozygous
if a person is homozygous for a trait, they have two alleles that are the same
define heterozygous
if a person is heterozygous for a trait, they have two alleles that are different
define dominant
an allele that will be expressed when it is present in somebodies genotype/genetic makeup
define recessive
an allele that will only be expressed when there are two inherited alleles for that trait
