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bio end of year > unit 1.2 cell biology > Flashcards

unit 1.2 cell biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the two types of cells

A

prokaryotic and eukaryotic

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2
Q

what are the features of eukaryotic cells

A

membrane bound organelles, has a nucleus, larger than prokaryotes, DNA is in the nucleus

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3
Q

what are the features of prokaryotic cells

A

no organelles, have DNA in the cytoplasm, have ribosomes

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4
Q

what type of cells are eukaryotic

A

plant, animal, fungi

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5
Q

what type of cells are prokaryotic

A

bacteria, archaea

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6
Q

describe the function of the nucleus

A

controls the activity of the cell and contains DNA

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7
Q

describe the structure of the nucleus

A

two fluid filled membranes surrounded by nuclear envelope, has nuclear pores

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8
Q

describe the function of the nucleolus

A

makes RNA and ribosomes

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9
Q

describe the function of the smooth ER

A

makes carbs, lipids and steroids

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10
Q

describe the function of the rough ER

A

packages and transports proteins made on attached ribosomes

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11
Q

describe the structure of the ER

A

connected to the nucleus to receive protein making instructions, made of cisternae and has ribosomes on the outside of the rough ER

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12
Q

describe the function of the golgi apparatus

A

receives proteins from the ER and packages and transports them throughout the cell

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13
Q

describe the structure of the golgi apparatus

A

a stack of flattened cisternae

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14
Q

describe the function of the mitochondria

A

produces the energy for the cell through cellular respiration in the form of ATP

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15
Q

describe the structure of the mitochondria

A

consists of two membranes, with the inner membrane (matrix) containing DNA

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16
Q

describe the function of lyosomes

A

contain digestive enzymes to digest waste material within the cell, essentially the digestive system of the cell

17
Q

describe the structure of lyosomes

A

small sphere shaped sacs filled with digestive enzymes

18
Q

describe the function of ribosomes

A

translates RNA into amino acids -> proteins

19
Q

where are ribosomes located

A

found free in the cytoplasm of the cell and on the rough ER

20
Q

describe the function of chloroplasts

A

produce energy in plant cells through the process of photosynthesis

21
Q

what is the word equation of photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

22
Q

what is the function of a vacuole

A

a storage unit within the cell - in plant cells it helps maintain structure of the cell

23
Q

describe the function of the cell wall

A

provides rigidity and structural support for the cell

bio end of year (4 decks)

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