Unit 4 Vocabulary Flashcards
Thirty Years War
The Thirty Years’ War was a 17th-century religious conflict fought primarily in central Europe. It was made up of four sections, Bohemian, Dutch, Swedish and Spanish.
Gustavus Adolphus
King of Sweden, and a military genius. Developed tactics which led to Swedish victories in the thirty years war.
The Peace of Westphalia
Two peace treaties signed in 1648 which ended the Thirty Years War.
Absolutism
Form of government in which the sovereign power or ultimate authority rested in the hands of a monarch who claimed to rule by divine right and was therefore responsible only to God.
Louis XIV
Absolute Monarch of France from 1643-1715
Palace of Versailles
A grandiose palace built by Louis XIII and expanded by Louis XIV. Used until the French Revolution
Philip IV
Philip IV ruled over Spain from 1605-1665, and is remembered for his evolvement in the Thirty Years War, as well as his practice of Politique.
Peter the Great
Peter I, Tzar of Russia who expanded its territorial claims around the Baltic Sea, creating St. Petersburg and laying the groundwork for the Russian Navy.
Act of Toleration
An act passed by the parliament in England after the Glorious Revolution. It allowed for Non Church of England Protestants to practice their religion.
Balance of Power
A distribution of power among several states such that no single nation can dominate or interfere with the interests of another.
Baroque Art
An artistic movement of the seventeenth century in Europe that used dramatic effects to arouse the emotions and reflected the search for power that was a large part of the seventeenth-century ethos.
Battle of Lepanto
A Naval Battle between the Ottoman Empire, and a coalition of Catholic states, mostly Spain and Italy. Ended in a major Ottoman defeat.
Petition of Right
The Petition of Right, passed on 7 June 1628, is an English constitutional document setting out specific individual protections against the state. Limited the power of the Monarchy. Its four principles were no taxation without the consent of Parliament, no imprisonment without cause, no quartering of soldiers on subjects, and no martial law in peacetime.
English Bill of Rights
The English Bill of Rights was an act signed into law in 1689 by William III and Mary II, who became co-rulers in England after the overthrow of King James II. The bill outlined specific constitutional and civil rights and ultimately gave Parliament power over the monarchy.
Boyars
A member of the old Aristocracy in Russia, next in rank to a Prince.
