Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections (1450-1750) Flashcards
How did maritime empires expand in the period 1450-1750?
New technologies
What new technologies allowed maritime empires to expand in the period 1450-1750?
New ships such as the Fluyts, Caravels, and Carracks
New technologies such as the Lateen Sail, Astrolabe, Magnetic Compass, and Astronomical Charts
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of goods such as technology, people, food, animals, and disease across the Atlantic Ocean
What disease did Europeans bring to the Americas period 1450-1750 and what did this cause?
Smallpox, which killed many of the non-resistant natives
What was the Atlantic Slave Trade?
Enslaving of individuals from Africa by Europeans to trade across the Atlantic
What is Chattel Slavery?
Slavery such that enslaved peoples were human property
In what ways did Europeans try to enslave native peoples period 1450-1750?
Encomienda System
Hacienda System
Mit’a System
Indentured Servitude
What was the Encomienda System?
System of slavery where the Spanish protected native peoples in order to enslave them at labor camps (haciendas)
What was the Hacienda System?
System of slavery where the Spanish forced native peoples to work in mines or plantations
What was the Mit’a System?
System of slavery originally used by the Incas but borrowed and modified by the Spanish such that natives were forced to do mandatory work for a certain number of days in a year for private economic gain
What was indentured servitude?
A British system of labor where laborers worked for seven years, but then were free to go
What is mercantilism?
The idea that there is a limited amount of wealth in the world, and gaining a larger percent of that wealth meant others got less
What did mercantilist ideology lead to?
competition among European empires to colonize for raw resources and form trade-post empires
Who funded maritime expeditions period 1450-1750?
States, but also joint-stock companies
What are some examples of Joint-Stock companies?
Dutch and British East and West India Trading Companies
