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AP World History: Modern > Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750) > Flashcards

Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750) Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the major land based empires in the period 1450-1750?

A 
Qing Dynasty
Mughal Empire
Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire
Songhai Empire
Aztec Empire
European kingdoms
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2
Q

How did land-based empires in the period 1450-1750 maintain their power?

A 
Consolidation and Legitimization via:
Taxation
Culture
Military Force
Art
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3
Q

How did the Qing Dynasty consolidate their power in the period 1450-1750?

A

Reviving the Civil Service Exam and centralizing a bureaucracy

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4
Q

How was culture in the Qing Dynasty used to legitimize power in the period 1450-1750?

A

Art was used to show that the emperor was in charge

The Mandate of Heaven gave emperors the sociocultural right to rule

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5
Q

What was the Mandate of Heaven?

A

Sovereignty “given” to Chinese emperors by god himself to enact his will on Earth

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6
Q

What taxation system did the Mughals use in the period 1450-1750?

A

Zamindars

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7
Q

Who were Zamindars?

A

officials appointed by the Mughal bureaucracy to collect taxes

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8
Q

What was gunpowder used for in land-based empires in the period 1450-1750?

A

to enforce and legitimize power

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9
Q

What was the religion of the Mughal officials in India in the period 1450-1750?

A

Islam

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10
Q

What was the importance of emperors of Muslim empires taking up the caliph title?

A

To show that they were related to Mohammed which legitimized their rule socioculturally

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11
Q

What religion was the dominant religion of India in the period 1450-1750?

A

Hinduism

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12
Q

What monumental architecture was built in the Mughal empire in the period 1450-1750?

A

The Taj Mahal by Emperor Shah Jahan

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13
Q

How did the Ottoman Empire consolidate power in the period 1450-1750?

A

By building an elite military through the devshirme system

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14
Q

What was the devshirme system?

A

The Ottomans enslaved Christian minorities and forced them into the military and bureaucracy

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15
Q

What was the taxation system of the Ottomans in the period 1450-1750?

A

Tax farming

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16
Q

What was the tax farming system?

A

non-governmental people paid to collect taxes for bureaucracy, though the tax farmers also took more for self-gain

17
Q

What was the military of the Ottomans?

A

Janisary

18
Q

Who and what were the Janisaries?

A

The elite military of the Ottomans which consisted of enslaved Christian minorities who were fiercely loyal to the Sultan

19
Q

What was the religion of the Ottoman Empire in the period 1450-1750?

A

Sunni Islam

20
Q

Who were the Ottomans fighting against for cultural reasons in the period 1450-1750?

A

the Shia Safavids

21
Q

What was the Safavid military system in the period 1450-1750?

A

the Ghulam

22
Q

What was the Ghulam? Who did they consist of?

A

The elite military of the Safavids that was loyal to the Shah. They consisted of enslaved minority populations

23
Q

What was the religion of the Safavid Empire in the period 1450-1750?

A

Shia Islam

24
Q

Who were the Safavids fighting against for cultural reasons in the period 1450-1750?

A

The Sunni Ottomans

25
Q

How did the Songhai Empire consolidate its power in the period 1450-1750?

A

Controlling trade
Alliances
Military expansion
Court rituals to show power

26
Q

What was the religion of the Songhai empire in the period 1450-1750?

A

Islam

27
Q

How did the Aztecs consolidate their power in the period 1450-1750?

A

Tribute system

28
Q

What was the tribute system?

A

An Aztec system where the Aztec emperor granted individuals land in exchange for tribute from that land

29
Q

What did Aztec tribute consist of?

A

specific goods dependent on the place of land that was owned, and people for human sacrifices

30
Q

What was the Aztec military system in the period 1450-1750?

A

Enslaved minorities to form an elite military system via the blood tax

31
Q

What was the blood tax?

A

the enslavement of minority individuals to force them into the elite military

32
Q

What monumental architecture did the Aztecs build in the period 1450-1750?

A

The pyramids

33
Q

What was the divine right of kings?

A

Sovereignty “given” to European kings by god to enact his will on Earth

34
Q

What was the Protestant reformation?

A

People challenged the corrupt practices of the Catholic church

35
Q

What did the Protestant reformation lead to in the period 1450-1750?

A

A split between the Protestants and Catholics

The Thirty Years War

36
Q

What was the Thirty Years’ war?

A

A thirty year-long cultural war between the Protestants and the Catholics

37
Q

What monumental architecture was built in Europe in the period 1450-1750?

A

Palace of Versailles

AP World History: Modern (4 decks)

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