Unit 4: Translation And Protein Structure Flashcards
Alpha Carbon
Central carbon atom connected by covalent bonds to four different chemical groups
Amino Group
NH2
Carboxyl Group
COOH
Side Chain/R Group
Differs from one amino acid to the next
Peptide Bond
The bond formed between two amino acids in which the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of the next amino acid, releasing a water molecule
Amino End
The end of the peptide with an amino group
Carboxyl End
The end of the peptide with a carboxyl group
Polypeptide
A polymer of amino acids connected by peptide bonds
Protein
Synonymous with polypeptide
Residues
Amino acids incorporated into a protein
Primary Structure
The sequence of amino acids in a protein
Secondary Structures
Interactions between stretches of amino acids
Tertiary Structure
Long-range interactions between the secondary structure that support the overall three-dimensional shape of the protein
Quaternary Structure
Individual polypeptides that interact with each other
Alpha Helix
The polypeptide backbone is twisted tightly in a right-handed coil with 3.6 amino acids per complete turn
Beta Sheet
The polypeptide folds back and forth on itself forming a pleated sheet that is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between carbonyl groups in one chain and amide groups in the other chain
Denatured
Proteins that lose their functional activity
Chaperones
Proteins that help protect slow-folding or denatured proteins until they can attain their proper 3D structure
