Unit 4, Topic 4 - Cross-cultural psychology Flashcards
Membership (leading to sense of community)
The feeling of belonging within a group, leading to a sense of security and emotional safety.
Influence (leading to sense of community)
Bidirectional influence - individuals have influence over the group and are influenced by the group. Individuals feel they matter, but group cohesion is maintained.
Integration and the fulfilment of needs (leading to sense of community)
Integration: members are united and hold shared values.
Fulfilment of needs: individuals are positively reinforced for fulfilling group values and needs.
Shared emotional connection (leading to sense of community)
Members have an emotional connection through shared events that bond them together, and frequent, positive interactions.
Culture
A set of shared guidelines/norms as to how a group interacts and lives.
Multiculturalism
Where individuals from multiple distinct cultures coexist and are unified by shared values and ideals, with no dominant culture.
Pluralism
Where subcultures are integrated into a dominant culture while retaining their own distinct cultural identity, beliefs, customs, and values - so long as they don’t conflict with those of the majority.
Culture shock
Feelings such as stress, anxiety, disorientation, vulnerability, homesickness, and frustration experienced as someone adapts to a country with a very different set of values/ideals to their own.
Acculturation
Upholding the core values and ideas from the original culture while abiding by the rules of the adopted culture. Often results in changes in mental wellbeing, and ‘acculturative stress’
Assimilation
Where a person completely adopts a new culture and loses the culture they previously had.
Implicit racism
Unconscious or involuntary prejudice or discrimination against someone on the basis of their ethnic or racial group.
Explicit racism
Prejudice or discrimination consciously directed towards someone on the basis of their ethnic or racial group.
Intergroup contact (reducing prejudice)
Contact between groups reduces fear, misconceptions, and alienation between group members, by reducing outgroup homogeneity. This allows them to identify more with one another.
Sustained contact (reducing prejudice)
Contact between groups must often be ongoing in order to properly dispel stereotypes and develop trust.
Superordinate goals (reducing prejudice)
Shared goals that can only be achieved through intergroup cooperation. This increases intergroup contact, allowing groups to learn about each other, which reduces stereotypes.
