Unit 4, topic 4 Flashcards
how do macmillan and chavis define sense of community
a feeling that members have of belonging, a feeling that members matter to one another and to the group, a shared faith that members’ needs will be met through their commitment to be together.
what are the 4 major elements required for a sense of community
membership
influence
integration and fulfilment of needs
shared emotional connection
explain membership
boundaries
needs a defined territory or boundary, physical or not - something that shows who is a member and who is not. this can be a geographical marker, or it may involve similar interests/goals.
- boundaries can be rigid or flexible.
a sense of belonging and identification
symbols are used to identify community members as well as to identify physical territory. there can be one or many symbols.
emotional safety
this can be physical sense of safety, or relationally a secure place.
personal investment
a common symbol system
explain influence
bidirectional, individual members influence the group, and the group influences its members.
those who push to influence/dominate - least powerful
those who acknowledge others needs etc - most influential.
integration and fulfilment of needs
shared values
community economy - exchange of resources group - this is what fulfils needs.
members participate in communities because they want their needs met - need for status, knowledge, friendship, tools.
individuals must contribute in order for the community to desire membership.
complimentary trading combines different attributes/skills/qualities from different - via this process the community grows in value.
shared emotional connection
contact hypothesis - more people exposed to each other = more likely they will share experiences and emotional connectedness.
quality of interactions - positive experiences will lead to stronger bonds between individuals.
closure to events - if community goal is not reached, it can hinder group cohesion.
shared valent event hypothesis - the more vital/important an event is, the more likely it will increase the bond between members.
investment - emotional risk - trust
effect of honour and humiliation on community members - individuals humiliated in front of others will decrease cohesion. if honour is shared, group cohesion increases - supports sense of community.
spiritual bond - shared religion/beliefs
what are cultural norms
the set of rules that a specific group ascribes to in order to decide if behaviours are appropriate.
derived from the culture we live in.
can include values, beliefs, attitudes towards each other and other outside world.
rules are put in place to create order and control for each individual.
explain cultural dimension
dichotomous extremes existing in cultures around the world:
collectivism - Asian cultures tend to promote whole community
individualism - western cultures tend to promote the self.
Multiculturalism vs pluralism
M - the preservation of cultural identities within a society that is united and unified. members accept the cultural traditions and ideals of the incoming nation, coexisting peacefully in the same space.
sometimes policies and regulations of the country will change to reflect the incoming culture - to accommodate and show acceptance.
eg: multiculturalism
P - can be seen when smaller groups migrate to a larger community.
they retain the ideals and values of their original culture.
these are accepted by the larger community provided that the ideals value fit within the laws and values of the larger community.
eg: US
define immigration
the movement of people from their native homeland to a new country or place where they do not possess citizenship.
- reuniting with family
- research for work
- humanitarian protection
what are the challenges of immigration
culture shock
acculturation
assimilation -
what is culture shock
a description of how someone may feel when they first migrate to a new country (confused, nervous, overwhelmed). cultural disparity
experiences in different ways, varying emotions. - frustrated, isolated, loneliness, sadness, homesick, difficulty concentrating.
a normal response.
temporary
what is assimilation
once culture has passed an immigrant may adopt parts of the new culture.
this adoption of local cultural ideals is called assimilation. the migrant may slowly lose aspects such as language, food and rituals that separate their culture from the new one.
eventually minority and majority culture have little difference.
can happen in varying degrees, two way process.
acculaturation
when cultural markers such as as language, traditions, food and rituals of an immigrnat culture are sustained after they have moved to a new majority culture.
minorities culture members retain most the their cultural norms, adopt small aspects of new culture (majority culture).
not one sided, access to recourses is a key benefit.
can be limited by acculturation gap - occurs when there is a difference in acculturation between parents and their children.
