UNIT 4- The Re-emergence of Paramilitary Organisations Flashcards
What does IRA stand for?
Irish Republican Army
What does OIRA stand for?
Official Irish Republican Army
What does PIRA stand for?
Provisional Irish Republican Army
What does INLA stand for?
Irish National Liberation Army
What does IRSA stand for?
Irish Republican Socialist Ireland
What does UVF stand for?
Ulster Volunteers Force
What does UDA stand for?
Ulster Defence Association
What does UFF stand for?
Ulster Freedom Fighters
What was the nickname given to the IRA and why?
‘I Ran Away’, the seeming lack of action in response to the discrimination and sectarian violence faced by innocent Nationalist communities.
What were the aims of the OIRA?
-Continuing on establishing a socialist, united Ireland.
-More socialists approached an interest in Marxism.
-Younger members were unhappy with the lack of action to protect their Nationalist communities; many felt the socialist policies were too soft for establishing a united Ireland so a new hardline group emerged called the PIRA.
What were the aims of the PIRA?
-Claimed the traditional role of defender of the Nationalist community.
-Aimed to achieve a united Ireland by force.
-Defend Catholic population.
-Destroy the Stormont government.
-Remove British imperialism from NI, this brought them into conflict with the army.
Who were the other Republican groups, e.g. IRSA and INLA?
-The product of the 1974 split with Republican organisations.
-INLA were a militant organisation.
What were the aims of the UVF?
-To protect NI and the unionist from the IRA.
-Wanted to return to the days of unionist domination.
-Had grown as the result of civil rights campaign & concessions to Catholics.
-Also see end to Stormont regime- rule from Westminster.
What were the aims of the UDA?
-Formed September 1971 to fill gap in defences of loyalist communities.
-A defensive grouping to protect Protestant areas and resist Republican violence, particularly from PIRA.
-Was legal as its 30 000 members were too large to ban.
Who were the UFF?
-A group within the UDA
-Outlawed in 1973- illegal side of UDA.
What were the actions of the OIRA?
-Previously used violence but turned away, seeing it as futile and unpractical.
-Declared a ceasefire in May 1972.
What were the actions of the PIRA?
-More outspoken
-Campagin of violence targeting police, & soldiers as well as bombing shops and businesses.
-Lead to the Falls Road Curfew which increased IRA membership
What were the actions of other Republican groups, e.g. INLA & IRSA?
-Used varying forms of violence. Included bombings and sniper attacks.
What were the actions of the UVF?
-At least 400 members.
-Started an armed campaign.
-Gun attacks car bombs.
What were the actions of the UDA?
-Political murder of Catholics & Nationalists.
-Overall, killed over 250 people during the Troubles.
-Responsible for the bombing in McGurk’s Bar,in Belfast, where 15 people were killed.
What were the actions of other loyalist groups ,including the UFF?
-Involved in the organisation of and carrying out of various paramilitaries attacks.
Which group were responsible for the bombing at McGurk’s bar?
UDA
How many people were killed in the UDA bombing of McGurk’s Bar?
15
Where did the UDA bombing that resulted in the killing of 15 people?
McGurk’s Bar in Belfast
Which group was considered as too large to ban?
UDA as it had 30 000 members. However the group within the UDA (UFF) was outlawed in 1973.
Which year was the UFF outlawed?
1973
How many members were there in the UDA?
30 000
When were the UDA established?
September 1971
When was the IRA ceasefire?
May 1972
What was the Falls Road Curfew?
British Army went through each house on Falls Road, door to door, in a search for weapons. This curfew lasted 34 hours. Weapons, ammunition and explosives were located; however, this damaged the army’s relationships with Nationalist communities due to the ruthless invasion of privacy. This lead to an increased membership of the IRA.
How long did the Falls Road Curfew last?
34 hours
Which army was searching through houses during the Falls Road Curfew?
The British Army
What was the purpose of the Falls Road Curfew?
To find weapons.
