UNIT 3- A Deteriorating Situation, 1969 Flashcards
Why did violence break out in your summer of 1969?
Along with the civil rights marching, continuous rioting and further confrontation between protesting Nationalists & Unionists, there was grave concerns over March season’s affects on an already tense situation. Loyalist armed groups emerged due to anger of what was seen as concession after concession for Nationalists whilst republican armed groups emerged duo to apprehension at their own inability to protect their communities. Stormont were worried that the already stretched security forces would not be able to handle further violence. The Dublin government as anxious and sent an intelligence officer to Nirthern Ireland. The London government made a cabinet committee for Northern Ireland. To attempt to handle the increasing violence the B-Specials were used, this provoked further resentment to the government from Catholics.
What violence took place in Belfast during the summer of 1969?
Violence flared in other towns, though sectarian conflicts in Belfast were particularly intense. In Belfast, violence mainly took the form of house burning, particularly by loyalists. As a result of this people were forced to leave their homes, 7 people died and 100 were wounded.
What violence took place in Derry during the summer of 1969?
In Derry, conflict began after the annual Apprentice Boys parade of 12 August. This was later termed the Battle of the Bogside and it lasted for 50 hours. An uneasy calm was restored by a small number of troops, as requested by many including nationalist politicians.
What were the casualty numbers in the Belfast house burnings?
7 people died and 100 were wounded
What was the total length of the Battle of the Bogside?
50 hours
What was the total length of the Battle of the Bogside?
50 hours
What date was the Battle of the Bogside?
12 August, after the annual Apprentice Boy’s parade.
What was the name of the conflict that occurred on August 12th 1969?
Battle of the Bogside
What was the ROI’s responses to the Battle of the Bogside?
Taoiseach Jack Lynch sent Irish troops & field hospitals to the border to provide aid to those who needed it and to put pressure on the British government to do something.
What lead to the eventual re-emergence of the IRA?
The Battle of the Bogside
What consequence of the Battle of the Bogside were Nationalists pleased with?
Originally, the Nationalist communities were pleased with the deployment of the British Army oop to the streets of Northern Ireland. This is because they were seen as impartial.
What was the London Government’s response to the Battle of the Bogside (other than the deployment of troops)?
The Downing Street Declaration
When was the Downing Declaration put forward?
Late 1969
Why were the British troops introduced into the streets of Northern Ireland?
-To stop violence on the streets.
-Help and relieve security forces in Northern Ireland which were stretched and couldn’t cope tho further violence without assistance.
-Protect Nationalist communities
Why was the Downing Street Declaration put forward?
-The British Army may help to stop violence buy it would not solve Northern Ireland’s problems as new political ideas.
-Stretched security forces could no longer cope.
-As a result of Chichester-Clark’s meeting with the British Prime Minister.
-Increasing violence between Unionists and Nationalists, e,g, 3rd January 1969 Ambush at Burntollet Bridge & 12th August 1969 Battle of the Bogside, needed to be resolved.
What did the Downing Street Declaration aim to do?
Reassure the unionists that “Northern Ireland should not cease to be part of the United Kingdom without the consent of the people of Northern Ireland”. It also aimed to reassure Nationalists that “every citizen of Northern Ireland is entitled to the same equality of treatment & pp & freedom from discrimination as (exists) in the rest of the UK irrespective of political views or religion”.
Which reform of the Downing Street Declaration aimed to investigate violence?
Scarman Tribunal
Who was Lord Hunt?
As a part of the Downing Street Declaration, a special committee on policing was established which was under Lord Hunt. This was followed by the Hunt Report on policing.
What recommendations were put in the Hunt Report on policing?
The Hunt Report recommended for the disarming on the RUC and the disbanding of the B-Specials; who were to be replaced by the Ulster Defence Regiment, a part time force under army control.
What were the economic parts of the Downing Street Declaration?
-The increasing of investment grants.
-The creation of a £2 million programme of work-creating scheme.
When was One Man One Vote and an end to gerrymandering introduced?
In the 1969 Downing Street Declaration
What did the Downing Street Declaration do in response to the issues of housing allocation?
A single housing authority was established to take over from local councils.
Which ministry was created as part of the Downing Street Declaration?
A Ministry of Community Relations
What additional measures were put forward in the Downing Street Declaration?
Measures to prevent discrimination in public employment were announced.
What were the unionist reactions to the Downing Street Declaration?
-Initiatifes weee not welcomed.
-Felt like they were losing power.
-Many were angered at proposals and as a result extreme loyalist violence erupted on the Shankill.
-Final straw came with the Hunt Report and its various recommendations .
What were the nationalist reactions to the Downing Street Declaration?
-Responded positively to the reforms and saw it as an improved future involving & reformed politicial system.
-Welcomed British Troops who were seen as impartial.
-There was no further civil rights action as progress was pleasing.
