UNIT 4- the brain Flashcards
peripheral nervous system
includes the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
somatic nervous system
Allows for voluntary movements.
Example- raising your hand, jumping, running, and walking.
association areas
process higher order functions
Examples: remembering, planing, forming judgments, and speaking
Cerebullum
the outer layer of the brain. It makes postural adjustments in order to maintain balance.
autonomic nervous system
controls the functions we do NOT need to think about they are automatic and involuntary.
Example- breathing and blood pumping
Brain
Is the dominant part of the central nervous system (CNS)
central nervous system
is made up of the brain and spinal cord
parasympathetic nervous system
It functions to calm a person down. It decreases blood sugar, increases blood flow to organs and reduces energy expenditure
spinal cord
Is the avenue through which the brain communicates with the rest of the body.
sympathetic nervous system
Is the emergency response system. The body goes into “flight or fight” response.
Amygdala
involved with processing emotion and survival response.
brain stem
connects the brain and spinal cord. It is the oldest part of the brain.
Broca’s area
moves the muscles to create speech.
cerebral hemispheres
The right and left halves of the cerebrum.
Cerebrum
largest part of the brain. It controls muscle functions and also control speech, thought, emotions, reading, writing, and learning
corpus callosum
a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres.
dura mater
the outer most layer of the brain
hemispheres
the brain has 2 hemispheres- the left and right brain. are similar but not mirror images.
Hippocampus
is a rounded part of the limbic system near the center of the brain.
Frontal lobe
decision making, problem solving, planning, reasoning, personality
gyrus (gyri)
sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution
hemispheric specialization
the division of work between the two hemispheres.
Hyphothalamus
regulates the autonomic nervous system.
lateral hypothalamus
The part of the hypothalamus that produces hunger signals
arachnoid mater
a spider-web like layer in the middle of the brain.
cerebrospinal fluid
cushions and protects the brain.
