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Science Grade 9 > Unit 4 Test: Space > Flashcards

Unit 4 Test: Space Flashcards

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0
Q

Smaller groups of stars making a pattern within a constellation

A

Asterism

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1
Q 
A natural object out in space such as:
Planets
Comets
Moons
Stars
Asteroids
A

Celestial bodies

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2
Q
  • they appear to rotate around the earth

* they never set below the horizon

A

Circumpolar constellations

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3
Q

Because the earth revolves around the sun we see different parts of the sky every season

A

Seasonal constellations

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4
Q

The motion as it appears to our position on earth

: for example- the sun appears to be revolving around us

A

Apparent motion

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5
Q

Mars tracked from earth over a number of weeks appears to double back on itself before continuing onward. We call this path _________________

A

Retrograde motion

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6
Q

The orbiting of celestial bodies around a common point, (the earth revolves around the sun)

A

Actual motion

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7
Q

The spinning of a celestial body about an axis

A

Rotation

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8
Q
  • he visualized the universe as being geocentric. This means the earth is the centre of the universe and everything else revolves around it.
  • he believed that the earth was a sphere due to the curved edges observed during a lunar eclipse
A

Aristotle (383-168 B.C.E)

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9
Q
  • based his model around his observations of mars
  • mars orbital path creates a loop or s-shape in the sky
  • his model showed each planet attached to a crystal sphere with its centre at earth
  • each planet was not attached directly to its sphere but to an off-centre wheel (epicycle)
  • accepted for nearly 1500 years
A

Ptolemy

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10
Q
  • used to locate and predict the position of the Sun, Moon, and Stars
  • Along with a compass, it could be used to describe the position of any celestial body in relation to the direction North and to the horizon
  • allowed for more accurate observations to be made
A

The astrolabe

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11
Q
  • believed in a heliocentric universe (sun at the centre)

- the earth rotated on its axis once daily and revolved around the sun once a year.

A

Copernicus (1473-1543)

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12
Q

-first person to view the “heavens” through a telescope
-allowed him to see objects about 20x closer
He observed:
-craters on the moon
-spots on the sun

Four “stars” orbiting jupiter (called the Galilean Moons)

A

Galileo(1564-1642)

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13
Q
  • developed 3 laws of planetary motion
    1. The orbits of planets are ellipses, with the Sun at one focus.
    2. The law of areas: an imaginary line from a planet to the Sun will sweep over equal areas of the ellipse in equal intervals of time. Simply put; planets closer to the sun travel faster than those further from the sun
    3. The time a planet takes to revolve around the Sun is directly related to how far away it is from the Sun.
A

Johannes Kepler(1571-1630)

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14
Q
  • Developed the three laws of motion:
    1. The law of interia
    2. The law of force - mass x acceleration
    3. The law of action and reaction
  • first to show that the force of gravity affects all celestial bodies, causing them to stay in orbit.
  • invented the reflecting telescope which uses a curved mirror to focus the light to a point at an eyepiece
A

Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727)

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15
Q

What are the planets mercury, venus, earth, and mars called?

A

Terrestrial planets

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16
Q

What are the planets jupiter, saturn, uranus, and neptune called?

A

Jovian planets

17
Q

To be a planet it must……

A
  1. Orbit one or more stars
  2. Be large enough so it gravity holds it in place
  3. Be the only body in its orbital path
18
Q

an ancient instrument used to locate and predict the positions of the sun, moons, planets, and stars

A

astrolabe

19
Q

a distinctive pattern in the night sky formed by a group of stars; the pattern often looks like a familiar object, such as an animal

A

Constellation

20
Q

The path followed by the sun through the sky, as seen from earth

A

Ecliptic

21
Q

An oval shape for which the distance from one focal point to a point on the edge of the ellipse and then to the the other focal point is the same no matter which point on the edge of the ellipse yo choose.

A

Ellipse

22
Q

Representing earth as the centre of the universe

A

Geocentric

23
Q

Representing the sun as the centre of the universe

A

Heliocentric

24
Q

The regular path of an object, such as a celestial body or an artificial satellite, around another body such as a star or a planet

A

Orbit

25
Q

A celestial body that orbits one or more stars, is large enough that its own gravity holds it in a spherical shape, and is the only body occupying the orbital path

A

Planet

26
Q

A measurement equal to the average distance between the sun and earth, about 150 million km

A

Astronomical unit

27
Q

The theory that proposes that the universe formed approximately 13.7 billion years ago when an unimaginably tiny volume of space suddenly and rapidly expanded to immense size

A

Big Bang theory

28
Q

A large sphere of incredibly tightly packed material with an extraordinary amount of gravitational pull created when a star collapses into itself

A

Black hole

29
Q

Wavelengths of radiated light that are being constantly stretched (lengthened) as the light crosses the expanding universe

A

Cosmological red shift

30
Q

Energy that is carried, or radiated, in the form of waves that range in length from short to long; types include X rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, microwaves, infrared waves and radio waves

A

Electromagnetic radiation

31
Q

One of three basic galaxy shapes; a galaxy that ranges in shape from a perfect sphere to an elongated but flattened ellipse and contains some of the oldest stars in the universe

A

Elliptical galaxy

32
Q

An enormous collection of gases, dust, and billions of stars held together by gravity

A

Galaxy

33
Q

An optical telescope that was launched into earth orbit in 1990; provides images of distant galaxies and stars; light reaching its mirrors has not been distorted by the atmosphere

A

Hubble Space Telescope

34
Q

One of three basic galaxy shapes; a galaxy that has neither spiral arms nor an obvious central core, made up of a mix of newly forming stars and old stars

A

Irregular galaxy

35
Q

The distance that light, which moves at 300 000 km/s, travels in a year; equals about 9.5 trillion km

A

Light-year

36
Q

A cloud of gas and dust in space

A

Nebula

37
Q

States that the universe is closed and will go through a series of expansions and contractions, or Big Bangs and Big Crunches, in an ongoing cycle

A

Oscillating theory

38
Q

A region of extremely high energy that develops as the supermassive black hole in the centre of a galaxy attracts more matter into itself

A

Quasar

39
Q

A shifting of light from an object toward the red (longer wavelength) end of the spectrum as the object moves away from earth

A

Red shift

40
Q

A dramatic, massive explosion that occurs when a large, high mass star collapses in on itself

A

Supernova

Science Grade 9 (2 decks)

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