Unit 4 Test - Lessons 19-24 Flashcards
loess
light, fertile soil that yields bountiful grain crops
North China Plain
a region in the Huang He River valley, where Chinese civilization began
oases
places, usually in a desert, where water can be found
Ancestor Worship
honoring of ancestors through rituals, such as offering food and wine to the spirits of the dead
Anyang
location where ruins were found from the Shang dynasty, China’s first civilization
bronze
a strong metal alloy made from copper
clan
a large group of family members and friends
oracle bone
a piece of bone or shell heated and cracked by holy men to seek advice from a king’s ancestors
Shang Dynasty
one of the first Chinese dynasties, ruled from 1750 to 1040 B.C.E.
civil servant
a person who works for a government
Confucianism
a Chinese philosophy that emphasizes proper behavior
Daoism
a Chinese philosophy that emphasizes living in harmony with nature
feudalism
a system of government based on landowners and tenants
Legalism
a Chinese philosophy that emphasizes strict obedience to laws
Mandate of Heaven
a power or law believed to be granted by the heavens
yin and yang
the Daoist concept of opposing forces of nature
Zhou dynasty
a line of rulers in China that ruled after the Shang dynasty
Great Wall
a stone-and-earth wall about 1,500 miles long, first built during the Qin dynasty to defend China’s northern boundary
immortal
able to live forever
Qin Shi Huangdi
the first emperor to rule a united China, from 221 to 210 B.C.E.
standardize
to make the same
Han dynasty
the dynasty that ruled China from about 206 B.C.E. to 220 C.E., the period following the Qin dynasty
caravans
a group of people traveling together
Silk Road
a network of trade routes that stretched for more than four thousand miles across Asia
trade route
a network of roads along which traders traveled
Dangers of Taklimakan Desert
sandstorms and shifting dunes
Gobi Desert
had pebbles covering the desert
Northeastern Plains
had prairie grass
Outer China
had extreme temperatures and climates
Inner China
had mild climates and good for farming with fertile land and rivers
Huang He River
had fertile soil for farming
Shang Kings had power by
their army
From Shang to Zhou, how did their philosophy change?
from disorder back to confucianism
Hanfeizi
the philosopher that created legalism
Laozi
the philosopher that created daoism
Confucious
the philosopher that created confucianism
Qin created
terracotta warriors, Great Wall of China, and standardized weight/coin system
Chinese scribes
used brushes and they made their own paper
Han warfare improved by
iron advances
chain pump
made it easier to move water from low irrigation ditches and canals up to the fields
China and Roman Trade
silk for Roman glassware
Southern Route of Silk Road
included dangers like no oxygen, steep cliffs, snowstorms
Northern Route of Silk Road
included oases that were close together
