Unit 4 Test Flashcards
Who invented bifocal eyeglasses and a clean-burning stove, and helped develop the U.S. postal system?
Thomas Jefferson
Benjamin Franklin
Elkanah Watson
John Stevens
Benjamin Franklin
Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, but he is also credited with changing American manufacturing by putting what other idea into practice?
hiring women to work in his factories
using water to power mills
speeding up production by adding shifts
using mass-produced, interchangeable parts
using mass-produced, interchangeable parts
Which two innovators improved American factory production by using methods from England?
Samuel Slater and Francis Cabot Lowell
Eli Whitney and Cyrus McCormick
John Deere and George Stephenson
Robert Townshend and Phillip Goodman
Samuel Slater and Francis Cabot Lowell
Which inventors changed agriculture with machines that worked well on midwestern prairies?
Cyrus Reaper and Robert Plough
Cyrus McCormick and John Deere
Thomas Jefferson and Eli Whitney
Elias Howe and Linus Yale
Cyrus McCormick and John Deere
How did geography affect the development of industry in New England?
The small number of ports limited transportation and trade.
Rocky soil and an unpredictable climate made it unsuitable for commercial agriculture.
Large deposits of coal there kept factories running at full production.
Slow-flowing rivers and streams prevented the use of water as a power source.
Rocky soil and an unpredictable climate made it unsuitable for commercial agriculture.
What effect did nineteenth century trade embargoes and the War of 1812 have on American industry?
Americans could not import British goods, so they increased their own production.
Americans stockpiled British goods so they would have them during the war.
American industry suffered because raw materials from Britain were not available.
British soldiers took over American factories and limited their production.
Americans could not import British goods, so they increased their own production.
Which of the following was the major purpose of improving the roads in nineteenth century America?
to generate toll revenues for the federal government
to improve development of a market economy
to provide greater comfort for citizens wishing to travel
to make westward expansion easier
to improve development of a market economy
What was the major purpose in building the Erie Canal?
to connect the Great Lakes to New York City
to create employment for large numbers of citizens, especially immigrants
to showcase the construction ability of the New York state government
to make the case for a federal department of transportation
to connect the Great Lakes to New York City
What was an effect of Robert Fulton’s development of steamboat travel?
More people were willing to vacation along the waterways.
The cost of transporting goods became more expensive for farmers.
Westward expansion became much easier.
Trade along the Mississippi River began moving in both directions.
Trade along the Mississippi River began moving in both directions.
Which transportation improvement did not make more rapid movement of goods and people across large areas possible?
Conestoga wagons
steamboats
canals
railroads
Conestoga wagons
What was the greatest change that Samuel F.B. Morse’s invention of the telegraph brought to communication?
more speed
greater accuracy
additional detail
further depth
more speed
What was the impact of Morse’s telegraph on communication?
It sped up the delivery of news and information, promoting the development of a market economy.
It brought a means of rapid communication into the homes of ordinary citizens.
It allowed politicians within a state to prepare more efficiently for their congressional sessions.
It created international avenues for bringing European investment dollars into the American market.
It sped up the delivery of news and information, promoting the development of a market economy.
How had the American electorate changed by the election of 1828?
Thanks to the suffragette movement, women in some states were eligible to vote.
With landholding requirements still in place, fewer men were eligible to vote.
With landholding requirements eliminated, most white men were eligible to vote.
Property requirements for voting continued to keep African American men from voting.
With landholding requirements eliminated, most white men were eligible to vote.
Who won the popular vote in the election of 1824?
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
Henry Clay
William Crawford
Andrew Jackson
Why did Andrew Jackson believe that he should have been elected president in 1824?
He won both the popular vote and a plurality of electoral votes.
He had served as a strong military leader in the tradition of George Washington.
John Quincy Adams had not held elective office.
Henry Clay should have supported him since he was from a neighboring state.
He won both the popular vote and a plurality of electoral votes.
Who supported Andrew Jackson in the election of 1828?
Native Americans who owned property
the common man
women who appreciated his devotion to his wife Rachel
slaves whom he had freed
the common man
Which of the following campaign strategies was used in the election of 1828 and is still used today?
bumper stickers and yard signs
negative campaigning
stump speeches
debates
negative campaigning
Which of the following is a position that Andrew Jackson took during his administration?
against the Second Bank of the United States
in favor of the Second Bank of the United States
supporter of higher protective tariffs
opponent of Indian removal
against the Second Bank of the United States
A crisis erupted in the 1830s over nullification.
What was nullification?
the effect of the Supreme Court declaring laws to be unconstitutional
the idea that a state could declare federal legislation invalid, prevent its enforcement, and possibly secede
the result of a presidential veto that Congress failed to override
the notion that state delegations could change their votes in Congress within the 10 days that the president had to veto legislation
the idea that a state could declare federal legislation invalid, prevent its enforcement, and possibly secede
Although it began over the “Tariff of Abominations,” what was the real issue in the debate over nullification?
South Carolina vs. Tennessee
states rights vs. federal authority
the power and role of the vice president
the House of Representatives vs. the Senate
states rights vs. federal authority
How was the nullification crisis resolved?
by South Carolina withdrawing its call for nullification
by John C. Calhoun giving in to Andrew Jackson
through a compromise achieved by Henry Clay
with military intervention ordered by Jackson
through a compromise achieved by Henry Clay
Why did Andrew Jackson veto the bill renewing the charter of the Second National Bank of the United States?
Too many loans were outstanding.
The federal money supply was large enough.
The Supreme Court had ruled that it was illegal.
It gave little credit to ordinary people.
It gave little credit to ordinary people.
What was Andrew Jackson’s belief about Native Americans?
They stood in the way of land acquisition by white men.
They deserved government support.
They should have full citizenship and voting rights.
They could form a government of their own and become allies of the United States.
They stood in the way of land acquisition by white men.
What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
legislation that Andrew Jackson opposed regarding Indian relocation
legislation that removed five Indian tribes from their lands in the East and relocated them in the West
legislation that removed Indians from their lands and relocated them in Canada
legislation that permitted the Cherokee to remain in Georgia in accordance with a Supreme Court decision
legislation that removed five Indian tribes from their lands in the East and relocated them in the West
Which of the following was not true of the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
Originally the Cherokee favored the act.
The removal policy was appealed to the Supreme Court, which decided in favor of the Cherokee.
Fifteen thousand Cherokee were forced to leave their lands and move west.
Andrew Jackson ignored a Supreme Court ruling and forced the Cherokee to move.
Originally the Cherokee favored the act.
What was the name given to the forced movement of the Cherokee from their lands in the Southeast to lands further west?
Indian Exodus
Chieftains Trail
Trail of Tears
Creek Confederacy Expedition
Trail of Tears
Why did people immigrate to the United States in the nineteenth century?
religious freedom and democracy
gold, potatoes, and freedom
fertile land, jobs, and the chance for a better life
rich water sources, high wages, and the right to vote
fertile land, jobs, and the chance for a better life
Abolitionists spoke out against slavery and the Underground Railroad helped slaves escape in the first half of the nineteenth century.
Who were two important people in this movement?
Nat Turner and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman
John Tyler and Elizabeth Blackwell
William Henry Harrison and John Ross
Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman
Which was not a reason for westward expansion during the first part of the nineteenth century?
Farmers wanted land on midwestern prairies.
Transportation had improved.
Commerce could move two ways on the Mississippi.
Indian removal made the Midwest safe.
Indian removal made the Midwest safe.
What was the effect of improved transportation on the economy of the United States in the early 1800s?
It caused a transition from a subsistence economy to a market economy.
Fewer people were needed to produce goods.
It allowed inventors to share ideas more quickly.
The economy went into a recession due to increased transportation costs.
It caused a transition from a subsistence economy to a market economy.
Which transportation issue was heavily debated in the early 1800s?
the question of federal vs. state funding
the status and employment of immigrants
the decision about who would control interstate commerce
the problem of whether companies or governments would be responsible for maintenance
the question of federal vs. state funding
Which headline would most likely have appeared in a southern newspaper in the early 1800s?
Factory Opening Draws Crowd
City Growth Hits New Heights
Cotton Shipment Arrives
Four Slaves Escape
Four Slaves Escape
