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APUSH > Unit 4 Test > Flashcards

Unit 4 Test Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
0
Q

Demographics of Cotton Kingdom

A

Lower south part of US (sc-Texas) where cotton was produced fast and supplied 3/4 of world, cotton gin and they did all plantin and field work and slavery increased, more shipped through second middle passage The Louisiana Purchase and the annexation of Texas as a slave state helped to expand the Cotton Kingdom. Politically, cotton became the foundation of southern control of the Democratic Party.

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1
Q

Nat Turner Uprising

A

Slave rebellion led by Nat Turner in which blacks killed whites, resulted in fear and stricter laws for blacks, most important motive was his hatred of slavery and the suffering his people had to endure. Also, Turner thought it was God’s will for him to lead a great uprising, said that God spoke to him and told him how to and when to commit this slave revolt.

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2
Q

Pro Slavery Arguments

A
  • Would be better off with white families would have food and shelter
  • white superiority
  • In the bible and other societies in past (natural part)
  • would destroy economy
  • cheaper to employ slaves
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3
Q

The Growth of Slavery

A

Due to the cotton gin more production of cotton (more slaves) and we gained more land and problems with whether slave states or free (second middle passage: Resulted in massive numbers of Africans being transported to America as slaves. The “Second Middle Passage” is a phrase coined to refer to the mass movement westward of slaves from the southern United States.

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4
Q

Social Structure of Old South

A
  1. Slave owners
  2. Yeomen - nonslave, land (plain folk)
  3. Rednecks/hillbillies - live on land but don’t own
  4. Free Blacks (250,000)
  5. Slaves
    * many didn’t own slaves because they were expensive and cotton lower south and tobacco/corn/rice upper south
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5
Q

Life as a Slave

A
  • were whipped as a form of “coercion” and punishment (best method)
  • paternalism: fed slaves to live longer so they didn’t have to buy more
  • whites felt good about slavery since they wouldn’t rebel
  • married within but not officially fear if separation
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6
Q

Wilmot Proviso

A

Banned slavery from all land gained or acquired by Mexico because Mexico didn’t have slavery, didn’t pass in senate but yes in house (house divided)

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7
Q

Compromise of 1850

A
  • California=free state
  • New Mexico and Utah would decide using popular sovereignty
  • Texas got $10M for lost NM territory
  • ended slave trade in DC but enacted fugitive slave law
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8
Q

Free soil movement and free labor ideal

A

Opposed the expansion of slavery into western territories, Northern free labor system was superior to that of the southern system. The southern labor system Incorporated slave labor. The Republic ideology of 1852 placed free labor at its center.

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9
Q

Kansas Nebraska Act

A
  • Revoked Missouri compromise •Made Nebraska and Kansas determine by popular sovereignty
  • Facilitate building of transcontinental rr (Douglas-needed a way to convince south to facilitate for rr so revoking mi compromise would do it)
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10
Q

Realignment of Political Parties

A

Whigs: we’re becoming amongst themselves due to slavery and had bad luck in elections
Democrats: country’s only national party after Whigs were gone, supported pop sovereignty but almost ruined them
Know Nothing’s: formed due to immigration and they were against immigration (Catholics Irish and German)
Republican: new anti slavery and provoked by the Kansas Nebraska Act-attempted to unite all those who opposed expansion of slavery (from all parties)
All mainly provoked by Kansas Nebraska act

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11
Q

Bleeding Kansas

A

Proslavery and free-state settlers flooded into Kansas to try to influence the decision of it being free or slave (new englanders and Missouri) . Violence soon erupted as both factions fought for control

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12
Q

Dred Scott Decision

A

Black slave purchased by master who would travel to free states with him and he thought he could be free because he traveled to those free states and took to court but they denied because he wasn’t a citizen and said Missouri compromise was unconstitutional

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13
Q

Abraham Lincoln’s views on slavery

A

Thought it was morally wrong, didn’t want expansion of slavery, lincoln thought blacks shouldn’t had same rights as whites, said it was allowed by constitution and viewed goal as unachievable

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14
Q

John Brown’s Raid in Harper Ferry

A

First time a white man fought for black slaves, south became more suspicious about north attacking them, attempt by john brown to start armed slave revolt to seize us ships

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15
Q

Election of 1860

A 
Lincoln won the election against John Breckinridge (dem-split in two) 
John Bell (constitutional union party-didn't want slavery platform) and Stephen Douglas (other dem-split because if didn't want federal slave codes) and he won 40% pop but won in electoral because free states had more electoral and he won all but 1)
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16
Q

Secession & Confederate States of America

A 
SC seceded first and more after Lincoln took office, they were afraid he would abolish slavery and seceded ASAP, crittenden compromise failed because it gave too many concessions to south, attempt to resolve secession 
Jefferson Davis (p) Alexander Stephens (vp) lincoln said he had no right to interfere with slavery were it existed
17
Q

Lincoln’s views on secession

A

He said secession was impossible and promised he would never be the first to attack, Lincoln claimed they don’t have right to secede and opposed because you can’t physically separate them and is unlawful and unconstitutional (strict view)

18
Q

Attack on Fort Sumter

A

Union wanted to keep it because it was a symbol, in 1861 in charleston SC, wanted troops out but lincoln says no and gave resources and we surrendered and confederacy won

19
Q

Strengths and Weaknesses of Confederacy and Union

A

Confederacy: (S) cotton-British ally, military strategy (W): low population and more slaves
Union: (S): population, production, ships, experienced gov (W) economy, not complete agreement of Slavery, lost good leaders, didn’t know much of land

20
Q

Civil War International Diplomacy

A

The south thought that European nations would side with them due to their need of cotton but they just got from other places and the battle of Antietam made Europe think twice about joining confederacy

21
Q

Union War Tactics and Strategy

A

Anaconda Plan: strategy for overcoming seceding states and helped union win because it blocked southern ports and said to go to MI river and split south into 2, McClellan frustrated lincoln because he didn’t take risks

22
Q

Lincoln And Civil Liberties

A

He limited civil liberties by suspending habeas corpus was suspended (people deemed unloyal to union could be arrested without cause) civil law suspended in areas of south under union control and placed under martial law, censorship, restrictions on commerce

23
Q

Battle of Antietam

A

Major union victory and allowed lincoln to issue emancipation proclamation and he didn’t seem to desperate and made European think twice on joining confederacy, 1862, MD, Robert e lee and bloodiest and lee wanted to be aggressive and win when good

24
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

Lincoln wanted to save union but not abolish slavery, it freed slaves where war was still in rebellion, slavery still existed in loyal states and was military necessity

25
Q

Role of African Americans in war

A

Became part of the union army, drafts, faced discrimination in army

26
Q

Battle of Gettysburg & Vicksburg

A

(G) Turning points, lee retreated and later on surrendered and ended war
(V) gained control of Mississippi (siege) and stopped resources into south

27
Q

Sherman’s March and total warfare

A

Marched to savannah SC and burned everything in their way and took food, stole blacks, burned cotton more destruction rather than killing (invading)

28
Q

Conscription

A

A draft law stating any white males age of 18-35 could serve in army, south first because they had less people and needed more for army.

29
Q

Civil War era Legislation

A

Legal Tender Act: created a national currency, paper money
National Banking Act: system if National bank done by congress - tax laws
Homestead Act: offered public land to settlers who would live and labor on it new farms
Pacific rr act: provided federal assistance for building transcontinental rr
Morrill act: set aside public land to support universities for agriculture

30
Q

Lives of Freedmen

A

Freedmen’s bureau: helped support them
Whites were trying to restore supremacy by enforcing the black codes
Most went back to work and were literate and religious

31
Q

Conflict between presidential and congressional reconstruction

A

Johnson’s plan: go quick, states sign an oath to get back into union and returned all land to the pardoned ex confederates (they ignored him-worksheet) he vetoed whatever congress did and they overrode and they challenged his executive power

32
Q

Reconstruction amendments

A

13: abolished slavery
14: made everyone born in us a citizen and prohibited depriving them without due process (ratified 2 years later)
15: prohibited gov from denying citizens right to vote because of race color or servitude (poll taxes and literacy tests)

33
Q

Military Reconstruction Act of 1867

A

Divided ex confederate states into 5 districts with union generals to enforce laws, to enforce black suffrage and watched over south

34
Q

Johnson’s impeachment

A

Violated tenure office act and because he didn’t listen to congress, wasn’t actually impeached by one vote

35
Q

KKK

A

Violence due to redeemers with kkk who were against it, against black republicans and to restore white supremacy

36
Q

Sharecropping and Crop alien System

A

Sharecroppers divided plantations into small farms that freedmen would rent and would pay sharecroppers back by giving them half of what they earned from crop.
Lien system: advanced goods to sharecroppers for a legal claim on future crops

37
Q

Grant Presidency

A

1868-1872: wasn’t too good because unable to show talents he displayed on battlefield in the whitehouse, had old friends and many scandals and his ideas didn’t appeal to all.

38
Q

Compromise of 1877

A

Ended reconstruction by removing southern troops (how Hayes own presidency)

39
Q

Rise of Redeemers

A

Bring back white supremacy and democrats back in charge, put Jim Crow laws and Supreme Court was no help, 15 amendment didn’t help either and colfax massacre

APUSH (3 decks)

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