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APUSH > Chapter 9-12 > Flashcards

Chapter 9-12 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
0
Q

Bill of Rights

A

Anti federalist wanted with constitution, first 10 amendments, freedom and civil liberties, proposed since anti fed were worried they wouldn’t be protected by constitution

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1
Q

George Washington’s Presidency

A 
First president-unanimously elected
Federalist
Two terms 
Set precedents, foreign policy 
Proclamation of Neutrality 
Farewell Address (no political parties and foreign relations-stay away)
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2
Q

Hamilton’s Economic Plan

A 
Tried to stable American finances, 
1) assumption of state debts
2) creation of national bank 
3) promotion of manufacturing industry
Federalist supported and republicans against - too British and favored elites and rich
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3
Q

First Bank of US

A

Hamilton believed a national bank was necessary to stabilize and improve the nation’s credit, and to improve handling of the financial business of the United States government under constitution, opposition from Jefferson and Madison (elites)

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4
Q

Loose vs. Strict Interpretation

A

Strict: Thomas Jefferson, if not worded in constitution don’t do (LI purchase)
Loose: Hamilton, used elastic clause (ex:bank)

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5
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

New taxes to help payoff war debts
Tax on south whiskey drinkers - angry and couldn’t afford, gov stopped rebellion (first time to see how well gov could enforce laws) Washington proved gov could handle it (sent in troops)
Led men to pa

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6
Q

First American Political Parties

A

Federalists: more nat power, elites, loose interpretation, bank=constitutional, pro British, favored tariffs
Democratic Republicans: shared power, poor farmers, fear of powerful gov, strict, pro French, no bank

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7
Q

Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation

A

US stays out of all European conflicts, during French Revolution when America was split

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8
Q

Jay’s Treaty

A

John Jay, said Britain was to pay for American seized ships, Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from before revolution and Britain agreed to remove troops from Ohio valley

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9
Q

Republican Motherhood

A

Idea that a women’s greatest duty is to raise many patriotic Americans, them being educated means more people will

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10
Q

Haitian Revolution

A

Uprising of slaves in Haiti, napoleons dream of French empire ended because of this,

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11
Q

John Adam’s Presidency

A

XYZ Affair, Alien and Sedition Acts, virginia and Kentucky resolutions, prevented war with France after xyz affair and ruined Feds after alien and sedition acts, midnight judges (fed control in congress)

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12
Q

XYZ Affair

A

1797: French officials (agents named XYZ) wanted a bribe from the us diplomats, led to alien and sedition acts

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13
Q

Quasi War

A

Undeclared war fought overseas between US, Britain and France

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14
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

Four laws by the us signed by Adams that said nobody could criticize government and made naturalization take longer, harder for aliens

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15
Q

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

A

Resolutions passed by Madison and Jefferson to attack alien and sedition acts, passed in Virginia and Kentucky, thought it was unconstitutional, claimed states could nullify

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16
Q

Election of 1800

A

Winner was Thomas Jefferson, peaceful transfer of power between the two political parties
(fed->democrat republicans) opponent was John Adams (no second term)

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17
Q

Jefferson’s Presidency

A

Louisiana Purchase, simple, didn’t have huge parties like federalist, kept hamilton’s framework except high taxes, reduced military, embargo act, macon’s bill no 2, non intercourse act, Chesapeake incident (it didn’t allow British to come on and look for deserters so they fired)

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18
Q

Marbury vs. Madison

A

Established judicial review,

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19
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

Purchased from France, originally just to buy New Orleans but Napoleon gave all for cheap(Haitian revolution-no French empire), doubled size, controversial since strict interpretation, tension with Britain, helped pay off war debt of France

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20
Q

Lewis and Clark

A

Sent to explore the new land, created good relations with the Indians and discovered flowers and nature ect…

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21
Q

Embargo Act of 1807

A

America can’t trade with anyone in the world, back fired and hurt our economy (Jefferson), difficult to enforce and replaced by non intercourse act, goal was to make Britain and France feel sorry by hurting them but instead it hurt us

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22
Q

James Madison

A

Chartered Second Bank of US, treaty of Ghent, Macon’s bill no 2, battle of New Orleans and Hartford convention (end of federalists)

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23
Q

Macon’s Bill No. 2

A

Reopened trade with France and Britain but said if they impressed our ships we would end trade with them again

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24
Q

War of 1812

A

Causes: French and British impressment of American ships, us thought British were helping natives and still with colonies, embargo act, trade conflict
Main Events: war hawks in congress convince Madison to declare war, battle of Lake Erie (British naval attack-perry), burning of Washington then Baltimore but we prevented, battle of New Orleans
Effects: status quo antebellum, nationalism (gained respect around world), better military, manufacturing, Hartford convention and treaty of Ghent, natives lose more land

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25
Q

Tecumseh and the Prophet

A

Believed natives shouldn’t give up land to Americans, began to create a native confederacy, Battle of tippecanoe (prophet was defeated by Harrison), sided with British during war of 1812

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26
Q

Battle of New Orleans

A

After treaty was signed, he defeated British that invaded New Orleans, protecting the Mississippi River, Jackson emerges out as a new American hero,

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27
Q

Treaty of Ghent

A

Ended war of 1812, status quo antebellum, more nationalism

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28
Q

Hartford Convention

A

End of federalists, looked like complainers, originally happened because they wanted to discuss ways to get money lost through embargo act

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29
Q

Rise of American Nationalism

A

Gained respect and become more independent, inspired nationalism and more unity

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30
Q

Doctrine of feme covert

A

Married women who was owned by husband, he had the right to all her land and owned everything if hers

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31
Q

Rush Bagot Treaty

A

Agreement between Britain and America to maintain armed fleets in the Great Lakes

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32
Q

Adams-Onis Treaty

A

US purchased Florida from Spain and gained assurances that Spain would abandon claims on Oregon territory, defined us and Mexico border

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33
Q

Tariff of 1816

A

20% tax on all imported goods but many opposed, passed by Monroe to protect industry

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34
Q

Clay’s American System

A

1) recharter of bank
2) high protective tariffs
3) internal improvements
To encourage manufacturing and federal spending for internal improvements

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35
Q

Era of Good Feelings

A

Only one political party, No federalists in election only democratic republicans

36
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

Missouri was to be a slave state and admitted Maine as a free state to maintain balance in senate, no slavery above 36’30 line besides Missouri
Tallmadge amendment: stop slave import, slaves free when they reach an age

37
Q

John Marshall

A

Federalist, more for national power and settled many cases, favored national power so he would rule in favor if government, Appointed by John Adams

38
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

Warned European powers to stay out of Western Hemisphere, wouldn’t allow them to, feared international influence,

39
Q

Election of 1824

A

Jackson and John Quincy Adams, Jackson won popular but didn’t win majority electoral votes so went to house, Henry clay conspiracy and he voted Adams

40
Q

Corrupt Bargain

A

Election with Jackson and Quincy Adams where he won and jacksonians thought it was corrupt bargain

41
Q

Jackson’s Pesidency

A

For the common man, not afraid to use military power, Indian removal act, his supporters were the democrats

42
Q

Jacksonian Democracy

A

Loyalists in congress who supported him, didn’t believe in federal spending for internal improvements, strong executive power (veto)

43
Q

Spoils System

A

Appointing loyalists to congress, Jackson used and appointed people who supported him during the election

44
Q

Panic of 1819

A

Caused by second bank, forced to get payment in hard coin, but banks didn’t have much

45
Q

Tariff of 1828, South Carolina Exposition (tariff of abominations)

A

Put a high tariff on imports for goods bought by south, John Calhoun wrote exposition recommending nullification, said unconstitutional and would hurt trade

46
Q

Nullification Crisis

A

Jackson ignored exposition, Calhoun resigned, SC declared it null and Jackson sent in military force to threaten them (force bill), compromise by Henry clay to slowly reduce tariff and nullies rescind

47
Q

John C. Calhoun

A

Wrote sc exposition, was Jackson’s vp but resigned

48
Q

Indian Removal Act

A

By Jackson, said resettlement of natives to west of Mississippi, sent federal troops to remove them, said it was good for preservation of their culture

49
Q

Worcester vs Georgia

A

Ruled in favor of Cherokee, Jackson ignored ruling, Georgia could not interfere and nullified Georgia laws for Cherokee tribe,

50
Q

Trail of Tears

A

Cherokees were forced to give up land and travel to Oklahoma (became known as trail of tears)

51
Q

Bank War

A

Bank applied for recharter, Jackson vetoed bank, clay gave copies of an article about it but it backfired and everyone liked Jackson (for common man) and it hurts our economy

52
Q

Rise of Whig Party

A

Those who opposed Jackson were the Whigs, like federalists, supporters of clay

53
Q

Election of 1840

A

Whigs won: William Lloyd Garrison

Copied the tactics of the democrats like common man and followed their strategy

54
Q

2nd American Political Party System

A

Whigs: opposed Jackson, pro bank, support of industry, protective tariffs, and American system. Upper class

55
Q

William Lloyd Garrison

A

First Whig elected president, published the liberator, abolitionist, and wanted immediate end to slavery, created anti slavery society and thought slavery was unconstitutional

56
Q

Gag Rule

A

Prohibited public discussion of certain topics (prevented anti slavery talks)

57
Q

Lowell Mill (Lowell Girls)

A

Cotton mill where women worked but had lots of rules and regulations, poor conditions, held protests

58
Q

Rising Industrialization

A

Many mills were being built and encouraged people to work in factories

59
Q

Separate Spheres

A

Women were homemakers and mothers since men worked at factories, defined roles as caretakers and changed their roles

60
Q

Transportation Revolution

A

Shorter travel times, easier to transport goods, moved goods to wider markets, steamboats and trains and canals

61
Q

Technology innovations

A

Telegraph helped communication

62
Q

Erie Canal

A

Connected Albany and Buffalo and was built because roads were really bad, good transportation

63
Q

Market [R]evolution

A

Helped change our society by increasing economic activity and allowed young women to have jobs, we developed and invented new things

64
Q

Samuel Slater

A

Built one of the first and earliest factories in the us

65
Q

Cotton Gin

A

Manufacturing of cotton became faster and more efficient and cotton became number one crop Eli Whitney

66
Q

Second Great Awakening

A

Charles Finney, women involved and encouraged others, belief of perfectionism, many Americans we saved

67
Q

Charles G Finney

A

Preacher of second great awakening, preached perfectionism, everything would lead to hell, we can change our actions to choose our destiny rather than god choosing for us

68
Q

Irish and German Immigrants

A

Most came from Ireland from potato famine, were poor and more in south, catholic and Germans were in Midwest and were richer and more skilled and Protestant and stayed to culture

69
Q

Nativism

A

Belief that natives to the US were the best and didn’t want anyone else to take over

70
Q

Know Nothing Party

A

Opposed immigrants and Catholics, middle class and feared that the new immigrants would take over their jobs

71
Q

American System of Manufacturing

A

Practice of manufacturing and assembling parts, allowed unskilled workers to have jobs for low wages (mass produce)

72
Q

Telegraph

A

Samuel Morse’s telegraph helped communication for trains through wires, made it safer and effecient

73
Q

McCormick’s Reaper

A

Allowed a farmer to harvest more in a day more time and produce more, helped increase productivity

74
Q

Texas

A

Owned by Mexico, America wanted and got but fought Mexico lots for it, issue of slave and free states

75
Q

Polk Presidency

A

Annexed Texas, Mexican war and California, had one term, 49th parallel, wanted to go up to 54’40 but got up to 49th parallel to canada

76
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

Belief that the US had god given right to expand the us westward to the pacific coast

77
Q

Oregon Trail

A

Route to western US extending from cities to Oregon that had harsh conditions

78
Q

Mormons

A

Leader Brigham Young who led them to Utah, practiced polygamy so it couldn’t become state until it forbid this practice

79
Q

California Gold Rush

A

James Marshall discovered gold in the rivers of California and more people wanted to become wealthy

80
Q

Mexican American War (causes, main events and effects)

A

Causes: annexation of Texas, dispute over border
Main events: Austin: first settlers in Texas, Houston: independence from Mexico for Texas, Santa Anna: dictator of Mexico
Alamo: all Americans died end of war and goliad massacre
Effects: treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo and Texas and California

81
Q

Seneca Falls (Declaration of Sentiments)

A

Convention for women’s rights and document was based off declaration and demanded women’s rights, started women’s rights movements

82
Q

Fredrick Douglass

A

Black abolitionist who was a slave, gave many lectures for anti slavery

83
Q

Abolition Movement

A

Harriet Tubman: Underground Railroad: network of abolitionists that helped slaves escape and Harriet risked her life to save others

84
Q

McCulloch vs Maryland

A

Maryland was taxing branch of us and Marshall says no, implied powers to creat gov,

85
Q

Gibbons vs Ogden

A

NY was granting monopoly on waterways, no because shared border with NJ

86
Q

Fletcher vs Peck

A

Georgia overturn to allow land to privately develop? No, first case of unconstitutional

87
Q

Dartmouth vs Woodward

A

New Hampshire control over Dartmouth? No,

88
Q

Horace Mann

A

Education reformist,

APUSH (3 decks)

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