Unit 4 - Social Deviance Flashcards
Deviance
behavior that departs from societal or group norms
Deviant
a person who breaks significant societal or group norms
Positive deviance
involves behavior that overconforms to social expectations
Negative deviance
involves behavior that underconforms to social expectations
Social control
ways to encourage conformity to society’s norms
Social sanction
rewards or punishments that encourage conformity to social norms
Anomie
a social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent
Strain theory
theory that deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve these goals by legitimate means
Control theory
theory that compliance with social norms requires strong bonds between individuals and society
Differential association theory
theory that individuals learn deviance in proportion to number of deviant acts they are exposed to
Labeling theory
theory that society creates deviance by identifying particular members as deviant
Primary deviance
deviance involving occasional breaking of norms that is not a part of a person’s lifestyle or self-concept
Secondary deviance
deviance in which an individual’s life and identity are organized around breaking society’s norms
Stigma
an undesirable trait or label that is used to characterize an individual
Victim discounting
process of reducing the seriousness of the crimes that injure people of lower status
