unit 4 sac 1b Flashcards
sustainability
meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
social sustainability
creating an equitable society that meets the needs if all citizens and can be maintained indefinitely
economic sustainability
ensuring that average incomes in all countries are adequate to sustain a decent standard of living and continue to rise in line with inflation and living costs in the future
environmental sustainability
ensuring the natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources into the future
human development
creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potentials and lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests.
human development index
a tool developed by the UN which ranks a country’s level of social and economic development. a single statistic between 1-0 based on 3 dimensions (live long healthy lives, knowledge, a decent standard of living) and 4 indicators (life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and GNI per capita.
mean years of schooling
the average number of years of education achieved by those aged 25 and over
expected years of schooling
the average number of years of education expected for a child of school entrance age
life expectancy at birth
an indication of how long as person can expect, the number of years of life remaining to a person at birth if death rates don’t change
conflict
the absence of peace within a country
mass migration
a migration of large groups of people from one geographical area to another
world trade
the world trade business that involves making and collecting payments for transactions in goods and services and transporting them to interested markets
tourism
Tourism is the activity of people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for leisure, business, or other purposes for a certain period
digital technologies
electronic tools, systems, devices, and resources that generate, store, or process data
examples of environmental sustainability
- biodiversity
- climate change
- waste removal and pollution
- use of natural resources
examples of social sustainability
- elimination of poverty and provision of social protection systems
- peace and security
- promotion of political and legal rights
- access to safe and decent working conditions
- gender equality
examples of economic sustainability
-innovations and diversity of industries
- job creation
- economic growth
- trade
examples of human development
- full potential
- lead productive creative lives
- expanding peoples choices
- enhancing peoples capabilities
- access to knowledge, health and decent standard of living
- participating in the life of their communities
3 dimensions of HD
- a long healthy life
- knowledge
- a decent standard of living
4 indicators of HD
- life expectancy at birth
- mean years of schooling
- expected years of schooling
- GNI per capita
advantages of HDI
- more then just average incomes= more comprehensive representation of HD in a country
- an indication of opportunities of education.
- a composite statistic makes comparisons easier
disadvantages of HDI
- only reflects selected aspects= doesnt measure inequalities within a country eg discrimination
- based on averages
- no survey data are collected= peoples feelings and issues are not reflected
conflict and mass migration link to health outcomes in low and high income countries
low income countries= less politically stable= more conflict and mass migration= more morbidity and mortality rates
tourism link to health outcomes in low and high income countries
