UNIT 4 - Populations Flashcards

Question

What are some reasons for why organisms need energy?

Answer 1

Metabolism, movement, active transport, maintenance, repair & division, production of substances and maintenance of body temperature

Answer 2

Hydrolysis reaction = ATP + H20 will produce ADP + Pi + energy

Answer 3

By means of a condensation reaction which will remove the water which was added initially to ATP to produce ADP

Answer 4

6CO2 + 6H20 with the addition of light produces C6H12O6 + 6O2

Answer 5

A Grana which has stacks of up to 100 disc like structures called thylakoids The Stroma which is a fluid-filled matrix

Answer 6

Chlorophyll molecule absorbs light energy, boosts energy of two electrons to the next higher energy level. They've been excited to such a degree they leave the chlorophyll molecule and are taken up by an electron carrier. Electrons are passed along a number of electron accepters losing energy each time which is used in the condensation reaction

Answer 7

2H2O produces 4H-+4e-+O2

Answer 8

1) CO2 diffuses into leaf through stomata 2) CO2 combines with 5 carbon compound ribulose bisphosphate in the Stroma 3) This combination produces 2x 3 carbon glycerate 3-phosphate 4) ATP and reduced NADP from light dependent reaction reduce the glycerate 3-phosphate to triose phosphate 5) NADP reformed and goes back to light dependent reaction to be reduced 6) some Triose is converted to useful substances such as glucose 7) Most triose are used to regenerate ribulose bisphosphate using ATP from light-dependent reaction

Answer 9

Glycolysis, link reaction, kerbs cycle, electron transport chain

Answer 10

Activation of glucose by phosphorylation, splitting of the phosphorylated glucose, oxidation of triose phosphate, production of ATP

Answer 11

Glucose must be more reactive by addition of two phosphate molecules. The phosphate molecules come from hydrolysis of two ATP molecules to ADP. This provides energy to activate glucose

Answer 12

Each glucose molecule is split into 2 3-carbon molecules - triose phosphate

Answer 13

Hydrogen is removed from each of the triose phosphate molecules and is accepted by NAD to form reduced NAD

Answer 14

Two molecules of ATP, Two molecules of reduced NAD, two molecules of pyruvate

Answer 15

Pyruvate + NAD + CoA produces acetyl CoA + reduced NAD + CO2

Answer 16

Pyruvate oxidised by removing hydrogen which is accepted by NAD to form reduced NAD, acetyl group combines with coenzyme A to produce acetyl coenzyme A, CO2 molecule formed from each pyruvate

Answer 17

2- carbon acetyl coenzyme A combines with 4-carbon molecule to produce 6-carbon molecule 6-carbon molecule loses CO2 and hydrogens to give 4-carbon molecule and a single ATP produced by substrate-level phosphorylation 4-carbon molecule can now combine with new molecule of acetyl coenzyme A to begin cycle again

Answer 18

Reduced coenzymes: NAD and FAD 1x ATP 3x CO2

Answer 19

* breaks down macromolecules into smaller ones * Produces hydrogen atoms carried by NAD to electron transport chain for oxidative phosphorylation * regenerates 4 carbon-molecule that combines with acetyl coenzyme A

Answer 20

* the hydrogen atoms produced during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle combine with FAD and NAD * reduced FAD and NAD donate the electrons from the hydrogen atoms and give it to the first molecule on the chain * This releases protons from the hydrogen which actively transport across inner mitochondrial membrane * Electrons pass along chain in series of oxidation-reduction reactions. Electrons lose energy on every level which converts ADP to ATP * Electrons combine with protons and oxygen to form a water molecule - oxygen is the final acceptor.