Unit 4 Population and Settlement

Question 1

Intervening obstacles

Answer 1

A physical or cultural / political reason why people cannot or will not migrate.

Question 2

Concentrated (settlement patterns)

Answer 2

• occur where other natural resources are present

- these resources cause people to settle near them.

Question 3

natural increase

Answer 3

natural increase is the difference between the numbers of births and deaths in a population

Question 4

“brain drain”

Answer 4

the emigration of highly trained or qualified people from a particular country

Question 5

zoning

Answer 5

Zoning refers to municipal or local laws or regulations that dictate how real property can and cannot be used in certain geographic areas. Zoning laws can limit commercial or industrial use of land in order to prevent oil, manufacturing or other types of businesses from building in residential neighborhoods.

Question 6

dependency load

Answer 6

The dependency load is a group of people who are either 14 and younger or 65 and older. These people are either too young and retired to be able to take care of themselves.

Question 7

dispersed

Answer 7

Spread out as far a possible,in as many directions as possible

Question 8

xenophobia

Answer 8

fear of foreigners, people from different cultures, or strangers:

Question 9

(examples of) death control

Answer 9

Factors that prolong life advances in Healthcare and medicine
Example medicine and vaccines

Question 10

winter city concept

Answer 10

Winter Cities is a concept for communities in northern latitudes that encourages them to plan their transportation systems, buildings, and recreation project around the idea of using their infrastructure during all four seasons, rather than just two seasons (summer and autumn).

Question 11

demography

Answer 11

Is the study of population numbers, distribution trends and issues

Question 12

linear

Answer 12

a linear settlement is a (normally small to medium-sized) settlement or group of buildings that is formed in a long line. Many follow a transport route, such as a road, river, or canal though some form due to physical restrictions, such as coastlines, mountains, hills or valleys.

Question 13

urbanization

Answer 13

an increase in the number of people living in urban settlements,

Question 14

examples of) birth control

Answer 14

Factors that prevent birth

Examples pills, condoms, diaphragm, morning pills etc

Question 15

overshoot

Answer 15

Is depleting the natural capital on which all of life depends. This problem is using resources faster than they can regularly

Question 16

Carrying capacity

Answer 16

Largest number of individuals of a population that a given environment support.

Question 17

survey system

Answer 17

a means of making relatively large-scale, accurate measurements of the Earth’s surfaces

Question 18

hierarchy of urban services/products

Answer 18

The Urban hierarchy ranks each city based on the size of population residing within the nationally defined statistical urban area.

Question 19

Residential density

Answer 19

means the average number of families living on one acre of land in a given area.

Question 20

threshold population

Answer 20

Is the minimum number of people needed for a service to be worthwhile

Question 21

difference between emigration & immigration

Answer 21

Immigration can be called as moving into a country and emigration as moving out of a country.

Question 22

differences between “melting pot” & “tossed salad” societies

Answer 22

Tossed salad is encouraged to retain to their culture but melting pot is a place (such as a city or country) where different types of people live together and gradually create one community

Question 23

differences between low , middle , high order goods and services

Answer 23

Low-order products are products that are frequently purchased and are inexpensive. Middle-order products are time-to-time items that are purchased but not as frequently as low-order products. These items are considered a bit pricier. High-order products are the most expensive items or have a limited market and are hardly purchased.

Question 24

identify characteristics of each stage of demographic transition

Answer 24

Stage one
Pre industrialized society, deaths rates and birth rates are high and roughly in balance

Stage two
Developing country, the death rate rapidly due to improvement in food supply and sanitation, which increases life spans and reduce disease

Stage three
Country that is still developing birth rates fall due to access to contraception, increases in wages, urbanization, red verification subsistence agriculture and the education of women

Stage four
Developed nations with low birth rates and low deaths rates are experienced

Question 25

how to calculate net migration rate and rate of natural increase

Answer 25

Step one (natural increase)
Take birth rate subtract it by death rate.Example 10/1000 subtract 5/1000 equals 5/1000 or 0.5%for natural increase

Step two(net migration rate)
Take Emigration rate - immigration rate.
Example 7/1000 subtract 3/1000 equals 4/1000 or 0.4% for net migration rate

Question 26

how to calculate population growth rate

Answer 26

Add natural increase rate and net migration rate

Question 27

how to calculate how long it would take for a country’s population to double

Answer 27

Take the total population and divided my 70

Question 28

how to calculate population density

Answer 28

Number of people divided my land area of square km

Question 29

describe the 4 categories of Immigrants

Answer 29

1. Independent innmigrants/Economic immigrants (killed workers, business entrepreneurs)
2. Family immigrants (relatives in Canada sponser family members)
3. Refugees (leave country for fear of persecution and/or possibly death)
4. Other (international adoptions, live in caregivers, seasonal agricultural workers etc.)

Question 30

examples of Push Factors & Pull Factors

Answer 30

Pull factors
To describe factors that attract people to a country, religion, organization etc. It is the opposite of a push factor. Which involves conditions that motivate one to leave

Push factors
This is used to describe any kind of influencing factors that motivate a person to leave one’s country. It often used with negative connections to describe existing problems.

Question 31

Baby Boomers

Answer 31

the increase in the birth rate between 1946 and 1964. The hardships and uncertainties of the Great Depression and World War II led many couples to delay marriage and many married couples to delay having children.

Question 32

characteristics of people who are favoured by Canada’s immigration system (4 characteristics) What do you get points for?

Answer 32

Language skills- 28 points 
Education- 25 points
Work experience- 15 points
Age (18 to 35) - 12 points
Arranged employment- 10 points
Adaptability- 10 points

Question 33

Describe how the multiplier effect works

Answer 33

The multiplier effect is a concept in economics that describes how an injection into an economy, such as an increase in government spending, creates a ripple effect which increases employment and the output of goods and services in the economy.

Question 34

Three stages of human settlement. Be able to describe two main characteristics for each stage.

Answer 34

1. HUNTING & GATHERING
   - when there was limited food death rates would increase significantly

• a very large area of land, was needed to support a small number of people

2. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
   - the discovery of agricultural approximately 10000 years ago dramatically increased the earths caring capacity

• resulted in a surplus of food which allowed for population growth

3. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
   - the invention of non muscular sorce of power allowed for further development. Examples: windmills, coal, steam and later oil

• fewer farmers needed, production of food increased carrying capacity also increased

Question 35

How did advancements in technology lead to urbanization?

Answer 35

Because there are more jobs that lead to them moving to the city centre

Question 36

vii) Two factors that affect residential density

Answer 36

Age of the city

Cost of land

Question 37

3 impacts on baby bombers

Answer 37

1. Wealth- they control a significant portion, products and services they demand have a significant increase on market place
2. Jobs- they have reduced the opportunity for advancement in the labour of force for younger workers
   - good news are they retrieve there will be more jobs available
   - in industries they involve services for seniors there will be more jobs
3. Environmental damage
   To many people where born so more food and land was used causing environmental damage

Question 38

differences between concession ,section and long lot survey systems

Answer 38

Concession is in Ontario - rectangular

Section is in the Prairies - square

Long lot is in Quebec - long rectangular

Question 39

Know the differences between PRIMARY, SECONDARY and TERTIARY sectors of industry

Answer 39

Primary industry
Industries that take raw materials from the natural environment
Example fishermen

Secondary industry
Involve the processing of manufacturing of primary products, ( raw materials ) into finished products
Example brick layer

Tertiary industry
Provide wide range of services that support primary industries secondary industries and society general
Example hair dresser

Question 40

Difference between basic and non basic

Answer 40

Basic
An industry that sells its products outside of the community
Non basic
A project that is sells in community

Question 41

Subsidiary industry

Answer 41

An industry/ economic activity that is reliant on success of another

Question 42

Ecological footprint

Answer 42

The amount of productive land and sea required to be able to regenerate the amount of resources depleted by human and make the wastes produced by these harmless.