Unit 4 Population and Settlement Flashcards
Intervening obstacles
A physical or cultural / political reason why people cannot or will not migrate.
Concentrated (settlement patterns)
- occur where other natural resources are present
- these resources cause people to settle near them.
natural increase
natural increase is the difference between the numbers of births and deaths in a population
“brain drain”
the emigration of highly trained or qualified people from a particular country
zoning
Zoning refers to municipal or local laws or regulations that dictate how real property can and cannot be used in certain geographic areas. Zoning laws can limit commercial or industrial use of land in order to prevent oil, manufacturing or other types of businesses from building in residential neighborhoods.
dependency load
The dependency load is a group of people who are either 14 and younger or 65 and older. These people are either too young and retired to be able to take care of themselves.
dispersed
Spread out as far a possible,in as many directions as possible
xenophobia
fear of foreigners, people from different cultures, or strangers:
(examples of) death control
Factors that prolong life advances in Healthcare and medicine
Example medicine and vaccines
winter city concept
Winter Cities is a concept for communities in northern latitudes that encourages them to plan their transportation systems, buildings, and recreation project around the idea of using their infrastructure during all four seasons, rather than just two seasons (summer and autumn).
demography
Is the study of population numbers, distribution trends and issues
linear
a linear settlement is a (normally small to medium-sized) settlement or group of buildings that is formed in a long line. Many follow a transport route, such as a road, river, or canal though some form due to physical restrictions, such as coastlines, mountains, hills or valleys.
urbanization
an increase in the number of people living in urban settlements,
examples of) birth control
Factors that prevent birth
Examples pills, condoms, diaphragm, morning pills etc
overshoot
Is depleting the natural capital on which all of life depends. This problem is using resources faster than they can regularly
Carrying capacity
Largest number of individuals of a population that a given environment support.
survey system
a means of making relatively large-scale, accurate measurements of the Earth’s surfaces
hierarchy of urban services/products
The Urban hierarchy ranks each city based on the size of population residing within the nationally defined statistical urban area.
Residential density
means the average number of families living on one acre of land in a given area.
threshold population
Is the minimum number of people needed for a service to be worthwhile
difference between emigration & immigration
Immigration can be called as moving into a country and emigration as moving out of a country.
differences between “melting pot” & “tossed salad” societies
Tossed salad is encouraged to retain to their culture but melting pot is a place (such as a city or country) where different types of people live together and gradually create one community
differences between low , middle , high order goods and services
Low-order products are products that are frequently purchased and are inexpensive. Middle-order products are time-to-time items that are purchased but not as frequently as low-order products. These items are considered a bit pricier. High-order products are the most expensive items or have a limited market and are hardly purchased.
identify characteristics of each stage of demographic transition
Stage one
Pre industrialized society, deaths rates and birth rates are high and roughly in balance
Stage two
Developing country, the death rate rapidly due to improvement in food supply and sanitation, which increases life spans and reduce disease
Stage three
Country that is still developing birth rates fall due to access to contraception, increases in wages, urbanization, red verification subsistence agriculture and the education of women
Stage four
Developed nations with low birth rates and low deaths rates are experienced
how to calculate net migration rate and rate of natural increase
Step one (natural increase) Take birth rate subtract it by death rate.Example 10/1000 subtract 5/1000 equals 5/1000 or 0.5%for natural increase
Step two(net migration rate)
Take Emigration rate - immigration rate.
Example 7/1000 subtract 3/1000 equals 4/1000 or 0.4% for net migration rate
how to calculate population growth rate
Add natural increase rate and net migration rate
how to calculate how long it would take for a country’s population to double
Take the total population and divided my 70
how to calculate population density
Number of people divided my land area of square km
describe the 4 categories of Immigrants
- Independent innmigrants/Economic immigrants (killed workers, business entrepreneurs)
- Family immigrants (relatives in Canada sponser family members)
- Refugees (leave country for fear of persecution and/or possibly death)
- Other (international adoptions, live in caregivers, seasonal agricultural workers etc.)
examples of Push Factors & Pull Factors
Pull factors
To describe factors that attract people to a country, religion, organization etc. It is the opposite of a push factor. Which involves conditions that motivate one to leave
Push factors
This is used to describe any kind of influencing factors that motivate a person to leave one’s country. It often used with negative connections to describe existing problems.
Baby Boomers
the increase in the birth rate between 1946 and 1964. The hardships and uncertainties of the Great Depression and World War II led many couples to delay marriage and many married couples to delay having children.
characteristics of people who are favoured by Canada’s immigration system (4 characteristics) What do you get points for?
Language skills- 28 points Education- 25 points Work experience- 15 points Age (18 to 35) - 12 points Arranged employment- 10 points Adaptability- 10 points
Describe how the multiplier effect works
The multiplier effect is a concept in economics that describes how an injection into an economy, such as an increase in government spending, creates a ripple effect which increases employment and the output of goods and services in the economy.
Three stages of human settlement. Be able to describe two main characteristics for each stage.
- HUNTING & GATHERING
- when there was limited food death rates would increase significantly
- a very large area of land, was needed to support a small number of people
- AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
- the discovery of agricultural approximately 10000 years ago dramatically increased the earths caring capacity
- resulted in a surplus of food which allowed for population growth
- INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
- the invention of non muscular sorce of power allowed for further development. Examples: windmills, coal, steam and later oil
- fewer farmers needed, production of food increased carrying capacity also increased
How did advancements in technology lead to urbanization?
Because there are more jobs that lead to them moving to the city centre
vii) Two factors that affect residential density
Age of the city
Cost of land
3 impacts on baby bombers
- Wealth- they control a significant portion, products and services they demand have a significant increase on market place
- Jobs- they have reduced the opportunity for advancement in the labour of force for younger workers
- good news are they retrieve there will be more jobs available
- in industries they involve services for seniors there will be more jobs - Environmental damage
To many people where born so more food and land was used causing environmental damage
differences between concession ,section and long lot survey systems
Concession is in Ontario - rectangular
Section is in the Prairies - square
Long lot is in Quebec - long rectangular
Know the differences between PRIMARY, SECONDARY and TERTIARY sectors of industry
Primary industry
Industries that take raw materials from the natural environment
Example fishermen
Secondary industry
Involve the processing of manufacturing of primary products, ( raw materials ) into finished products
Example brick layer
Tertiary industry
Provide wide range of services that support primary industries secondary industries and society general
Example hair dresser
Difference between basic and non basic
Basic
An industry that sells its products outside of the community
Non basic
A project that is sells in community
Subsidiary industry
An industry/ economic activity that is reliant on success of another
Ecological footprint
The amount of productive land and sea required to be able to regenerate the amount of resources depleted by human and make the wastes produced by these harmless.
