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Geography Grade 9 > Unit 3 Weather > Flashcards

Unit 3 Weather Flashcards

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1
Q

Difference b/w weather & climate

A

The main difference between the two is weather changes day to day, while climate does not change for longer periods of day. Weather is the state or conditions of the atmosphere over a short period of time, usually a day or so.

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2
Q

Ocean currents and their effect on climate (moderating effect)

A

Some currents take warm water away from the equator, influencing coastal climates near the poles. Others take colder water from the poles or the deep ocean and move it towards the equator, creating cooler coastal climates.

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3
Q

4 factors that affect climate

A
  1. Latitude
  2. Altitude
  3. Proximity to large bodies of water
  4. Ocean Current and air masses
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4
Q

prevailing winds and jet streams their effect on climate

A

they can push air masses around and affect weather patterns.

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5
Q

3 types of precipitation

A

relief
convectional
cyclonic/frontal

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6
Q

relief

What is forcing the air to rise?

A

Crossing an area of high elevation causes the air to rise

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7
Q

convectional

What is forcing the air to rise?

A

Absorbed heat from at the earth’s surface causes the air to rise

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8
Q

cyclonic/fronta

What is forcing the air to rise?

A

A cooler denser air mass flows beneath a warmer air mass causing it to rise

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9
Q

4 components that make up soil

A 
The four main components of soil are 
Mineral 
Air
Water
Organic matter
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10
Q

Topsoil: formation

A

Very slowly as dead plants, leaves and animal remains are deposed by bacteria

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11
Q

Differences b/w leaching and calcification

A

Leaching is Water moves down through the soil and dissolves chemicals and nutrients and carries them deeper into the soil. But calcification Water evaporates and moves up and deeper soil is drawn up to replace it.

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12
Q

Terms: natural vegetation,

A

Plants that grow free from human interference

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13
Q

Terms tundra

A

is known for its freezing temperatures, lack of trees, low-growing vegetation and abundant rock outcrops.

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14
Q

humus term

A

the dark organic material in soils, produced by the decomposition of vegetable or animal matter

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15
Q

transition zone term

A

An area where the characteristics of an region gradually change into those of another

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16
Q

permafrost term

A

Permafrost is defined as ground (soil or rock and included ice or organic material) that remains at or below 0°C for at least two consecutive years.

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17
Q

ecology term

A

The study of living things and how they relate to each other environment

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18
Q

Environmental issue of Soil Degradation

A 
Pollution 
Overgrazing 
Compaction 
Deforestation 
Urban sprawl 
Agricultural mismanagement 
Altering natural characteristics of rivers and streams
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19
Q

Most precipitation is caused by a combination of different process causing the air to rise. Two things that happen when air rises

A
  1. It cools

2. As the air cools water vapour present in the air condenses more than it evapparates

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20
Q

Precipitation is a major part of the …..

A

Hydrologic cycle

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21
Q

Warm air at the equator—— as it rises it ——— this const of air is referred to as ——————————

A
  1. Rises
  2. Cools
  3. Convection currents
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22
Q

The earths rotation ———-and ————— these currents. This is known as ———— effect.

A
  1. Blondes
  2. Deflects
  3. cariolis
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23
Q

It drive the three dominant winds on earth

A
  1. Trade winds
  2. Westerlies
    Transfer
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24
Q

Ocean currents always swirl —— in the north hemisphere

A

Clockwise

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25
Q

What way dose the Southern Hemisphere spin

A

Counter clockwise

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26
Q

The rain forest in South America——— pressure

A

Low

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27
Q

The dessert regions ———— pressure weather system are dominant,

A

High

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28
Q

What happens in the temperate zones with weather systems?

A

High and low pressure system constantly collide

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29
Q

What is a front?

A

The leading edge of a landmass

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30
Q

As air moves upward it ———- ,———— and forms clouds

A
  1. Cools

2. Condenses

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31
Q

Lightning is——- times hotter than the sun

A

3

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32
Q

How is hail formed

A

Within thunder clouds updrafts and down drafts combine to toss supper cooled droplets

The longer this tossing action occurs the larger the hail can become

Eventually they become too heavy and gravity takes over

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33
Q

The strongest winds can reach up to ———- km per hour

A

500

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34
Q

Only —- percent of severe thunderstorms produce tornadoes

A

1 percent

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35
Q

Air mass

A

Large body of air with the same moisture and temperature

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36
Q

Permafrost

A

Ground that dose not completely throw in the summer

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37
Q

Why dose Toronto experience so many more thunderstorms than Vancouver?

A

The moderating effect of the Pacific Ocean moderates Vancouver’s climate

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38
Q

Cloud

A

A cloud is a large collection of very tiny droplets of water or ice crystals the droplets are so small and light that they can pleat in the air

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39
Q

Clouds are identified by

A
  1. Height
  2. Their appearance
  3. The way they develop
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40
Q

Fluffy cumulus clouds are named after the word ———

A

Heap

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41
Q

What is measured by a thermometer

A

Temperature

42
Q

Difference between lowest and highest temperature

A

Rage

43
Q

An important factor that influences climate

A

Latitude

44
Q

Boundary between 2 air masses

A

Front

45
Q

Where dose the sun rays are most direct

A

Equator

46
Q

Measured by a barometer

A

Presser

47
Q

Seasonal wind in Asia

A

Mansion

48
Q

It has moderating affect on climate

A

Water

49
Q

It is retained longer by water than by land

A

Heat

50
Q

Used to measure temperature

A

Thermometer

51
Q

Used to measure atmospheric pressure

A

Preameter

52
Q

Used to determine wind direction

A

Weather vaine

53
Q

Type of precipitation also known as orographic

A

Relief humet

54
Q

Wind and snow combination

A

Drifting

55
Q

Day to day atmospheric condition of a particular area

A

Weather

56
Q

Person who studies reports and or predicts weather

A

A meteorologist

57
Q

Lito siwo and gulf steam for example

A

Crents

58
Q

Precipitation for meeting a warm and cold air mass

A

Aideclon

59
Q

To resolve into vapour

A

Evaporate

60
Q

Jet and gulf for example

A

Stream

61
Q

Also known as cyclonic precipitation

A

Frontal

62
Q

The ________season occurs in temperature above 5.6 C

A

Summer

63
Q

Freezing point of water on a Celsius scale

A

20 percent

64
Q

The Gulf Stream is a ——— water ocean currents

A

Warm

65
Q

The movement of air from high to low pressure areas

A

Dominant

66
Q

The angle of its rays help determine an area’s climate

A

Sun

67
Q

Results when air rises cools and condenses

A

Rain

68
Q

Condensed water vapour lying close to ground

A

Fog

69
Q

Vapour

A

Gas

70
Q

Average annual Temp

A

Calculate the average temperature from several temperature measurements using the formula: Average temperature = sum of measured temperatures ÷ number of measurements

71
Q

Annual Temperature range

A

Subtract the lowest number in the set from the highest number. The resulting value is the range of the set of temperature values.

72
Q

Most life depends upon the soil as a ———- or ———— source of food

A

Direct

Indirect

73
Q

An example of soil as a direct source

A

Plant are rooted in the soil and obtain nutrients ( nourishing substance from it

74
Q

An example of soil as a indirect source

A

Supports other forms of life indirectly (meat)

75
Q

Sand is the ————- of soil particles feel gritty is the ———-and alows ———————-

A

Largest
Heaviest
Wate ans air to measure through it

76
Q

Clay particles are ———- and are the ————of the tree soil particles.

A

Very fine

Smallest

77
Q

Slit is the soil that falls ——————- texture. It considered a ————- sized soil particles.

A

Between sand and clay in

Medium

78
Q

What are the two classes of trees

A

Coniferous

Deciduous

79
Q

Which plant can survive harsher climate

A

Coniferous

80
Q

Plants take in ——- form the ———- to produce ————-

A

Energy
Sun
Food

81
Q

Plants and trees are commonly referred to as the earths lungs explain

A

They are absorb Corbin dioxide and produce oxygen

82
Q

List way in which plants pollinate

A

Using fruit to Opel to animals
Wind blown
Burrs

83
Q

List the ways plants defend themselves

A

Poison/ irritants

Needles spikes

84
Q

Pedology

A

another term for soil science

85
Q

Topsoil how long are they formed

A

6000 years to 10000 to form 15 to 25 cm

86
Q

How dose climate effect the quality and amount of topsoil

A

Cool climates little vegetation, humans dose not build up topsoil remains thin

Warm climates more vegetation, more humus build up, thicker richer topsoil

87
Q

Largest regions

A

Boreal taiga

88
Q

Wettest regions

A

West cost

89
Q

Smallest regions

A

Deciduous forest

90
Q

Coldest regions

A

Tundra

91
Q

How to figure out total annual precipitation

A

Add up all of the precipitation

92
Q

How to figure out the growing season

A

Any above 5.6 and up is growing season

93
Q

How to figure out continental and maritime

A

Highest temperature
Continental is greater than 25
Maritime is less than 25

94
Q

How to figure out seasonal distribution of precipitation winter and summer

A

Winter anything from January February March October November December
Summer anything from august to September
Add each session of precipitation then see which one is higher

95
Q

Soil profile

A

Different layers/horizons in soil. Each layer has different physical and biological characteristics

96
Q

3 conditions needed to cause air to rise

A

Moisture lifting because of topography unstable atmosphere

97
Q

How many Vegetation regions

A

7

98
Q

Natural environmental issues of soil

A

Wind

Rain

99
Q

environmental issues solutions

A

Plant more trees
Rotate crops
Reduce the use of chemicals

100
Q

3 kinds of clouds

A

Cirrus clouds
Cumulus
Stratus

Geography Grade 9 (4 decks)

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