Unit 4: Metabolism

Question 1

In a plant cell. Capture energy from the sun and use that energy to build sugar molecules.

Answer 1

chloroplast

Question 2

is created via respiration in both animals and plants

Answer 2

ATP

Question 3

is a series of biochemical reactions in photosynthesis not requiring light to proceed, and ultimately produce organic molecules from carbon dioxide. The energy released from ATP (produced during the light reactions) drives this metabolic pathway. It is described to be light-independent as it proceeds regardless of the amount of light available. The term is used in contrast to the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis that as the name implies depends on and requires light to take place.

Answer 3

Calvin Cycle (light-independent reaction)

Question 4

The energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substance.

Answer 4

chemical potential energy

Question 5

A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria

Answer 5

chlorophyll

Question 6

solar energy is used to produce NADPH and ATP. This is the fuel that is further used by light-independent reactions to form carbohydrate molecules. The carbohydrate molecules require carbon atoms. These carbon atoms are provided by carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide diffuses into the leaves through stomata. The Calvin cycle uses the energy of light-dependent reactions for the manufacturing of carbohydrates and glucose.

Answer 6

light-dependent reaction

Question 7

acts as a reducing agent in several anabolic reactions, or as an electron carrier capable of donating electrons to certain biosynthetic reactions, e.g. lipid and nucleic acid syntheses

Answer 7

NADPH

Question 8

We can define phosphorylation as a biochemical process in which a phosphate molecule is added to some organic compound, such as glucose and adenosine diphosphate (ADP).

Answer 8

phosphorylation

Question 9

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.

Answer 9

photosynthesis

Question 10

is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Its main function is to deliver the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle to be oxidized for energy production.

Answer 10

Acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A)

Question 11

A process that occurs and requires the presence of oxygen or air

Answer 11

aerobic

Question 12

the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

Answer 12

cellular respiration

Question 13

A cycle of reactions catalyzed by enzymes in which the pyruvate derived from nutrients and converted to Acetyl Coenzyme A is completely oxidized and broken down into carbon dioxide and water to produce high-energy phosphate compounds, which are the source of cellular energy

Answer 13

Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)

Question 14

A group of compounds that pass electron from one to another via redox reactions coupled with the transfer of proton across a membrane to create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis

Answer 14

electron transport chain

Question 15

High energy electron carrier used to transport electrons generated in Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle to the Electron Transport Chain.

Answer 15

FADH2

Question 16

Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen

Answer 16

Fermentation

Question 17

The process of breaking down glucose. Can take place with or without oxygen. Produces two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of water. Takes place in the cytoplasm. There are 10 enzymes involved in breaking down sugar.

Answer 17

glycolysis

Question 18

serves as the transporter of carbon atoms into the mitochondrion for complete oxidation into carbon dioxide.

Answer 18

pyruvate