Unit 4 List 1 Evolution

Question 1

amino acid sequencing

Answer 1

Amino acid sequencing is the process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides.

Question 2

analogous structure

Answer 2

Analogous structures are features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature (compare to homologous structures) and which evolved in response to a similar environmental challenge.

Question 3

anatomy

Answer 3

a field in the biological sciences concerned with the identification and description of the body structures of living things.

Question 4

biochemical evidence

Answer 4

the amino acid sequence of proteins

Question 5

biogeography

Answer 5

Biogeography, the study of the geographic distribution of plants, animals, and other forms of life.

Question 6

cladogram

Answer 6

A cladogram is a diagram that shows relationships between species.

Question 7

common ancestry

Answer 7

A common ancestor is an ancestral group of organisms that is shared by multiple lineages.

Question 8

descent with modification

Answer 8

the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor.

Question 9

DNA sequencing

Answer 9

the general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule.

Question 10

electrophoresis

Answer 10

Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge.

Question 11

embryo

Answer 11

the early developmental stage of an animal while it is in the egg or within the uterus of the mother.

Question 12

embryology

Answer 12

the study of the embryo and its development from a single-celled zygote (fertilized ovum) to the establishment of form and shape

Question 13

evolutionary tree

Answer 13

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organism

Question 14

fossil record

Answer 14

a collection of fossils documenting the history of life on Earth

Question 15

homologous structure

Answer 15

A homologous structure is an organ, system, or body part that shares a common ancestry in multiple organisms.

Question 16

homology

Answer 16

homology is similarity due to shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes in different taxa.

Question 17

paleontology

Answer 17

the study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils

Question 18

phenotypic similarity

Answer 18

Phenotypic similarity is a measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families.

Question 19

phylogeny

Answer 19

Phylogeny is the representation of the evolutionary history and relationships between groups of organisms

Question 20

phylogenetic tree

Answer 20

a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor

Question 21

vestigial structures

Answer 21

non-functional features fully developed and functioning in earlier species but serve little or no present purpose for an organism.

Question 22

sedimentary layers

Answer 22

A layer of a material or substance is a quantity or piece of it that covers a surface or that is between two other things.

Question 23

adaptation

Answer 23

the process by which a species becomes fitted to its environment

Question 24

behavior

Answer 24

the study of the biological and evolutionary bases for such changes.

Question 25

competition

Answer 25

competition refers to the rivalry between or among living things for territory, resources, goods, mates, etc

Question 26

fitness

Answer 26

Fitness is a quantitative representation of individual reproductive success

Question 27

gene pool

Answer 27

A gene pool refers to the combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species

Question 28

genetic variation

Answer 28

Genetic variation is the presence of differences in sequences of genes between individual organisms of a species

Question 29

geographic isolation

Answer 29

Geographic isolation is a term used to describe the physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers. This

Question 30

morphology

Answer 30

the study of the size, shape, and structure of animals, plants, and microorganisms

Question 31

natural selection

Answer 31

Natural selection, process in which an organism adapts to its environment through selectively reproducing changes in its genotype.

Question 32

phenotypic expression

Answer 32

The observable characteristics or traits in an individual based on the expression of their genes.

Question 33

physiology

Answer 33

Physiology is the science of life.

Question 34

population

Answer 34

A population is an assortment of organisms of a species that live in the same place at the same time and interbreed.

Question 35

reproductive isolation

Answer 35

he inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences.

Question 36

sexual selection

Answer 36

Sexual selection is the process by which individuals compete for access to mates and fertilization opportunities.

Question 37

speciation

Answer 37

Speciation is how a new kind of plant or animal species is created.

Question 38

species

Answer 38

A biological species is a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring.

Question 39

trait

Answer 39

A trait, as related to genetics, is a specific characteristic of an individual.