Unit 1 List 2 Cell Energy CMH

Question 1

Light Reactions

Answer 1

The reaction which occurs as the first phase of photosynthesis, in which energy in the form of light is absorbed and converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP.

Question 1

Autograph

Answer 1

Organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.

Question 2

Chlorophyll

Answer 2

A pigment that gives plants their green color

Question 3

Photosynthesis

Answer 3

The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.Jun 21, 2024

Question 4

Calvin cycle

Answer 4

The cycle of enzyme-catalyzed dark reactions of photosynthesis that occurs in the chloroplasts of plants and in many bacteria and that involves the fixation of carbon dioxide and the formation of a 6-carbon sugar.

Question 5

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 5

A series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 6

NADPH

Answer 6

Represents an important electron donor that is used in a variety of biological settings

Question 7

Pigment

Answer 7

the natural coloring matter of animal or plant tissue.

Question 8

Granum

Answer 8

One of the stacks of chlorophyll-containing material in plant chloroplasts.

Question 9

Stomata

Answer 9

A pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that controls the rate of gas exchange between the internal air spaces of the leaf and the atmosphere.

Question 10

Carbon Fixation

Answer 10

The process by which plants and algae convert the carbon found in inorganic molecules in the atmosphere into organic matter to produce biological building blocks and fuel for cellular respiration.

Question 11

Heterotrophs

Answer 11

An organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.

Question 12

Thylakoids

Answer 12

each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in stacks or grana.

Question 13

Carotenoids

Answer 13

any of a class of mainly yellow, orange, or red fat-soluble pigments, including carotene, which give color to plant parts such as ripe tomatoes and autumn leaves. They are terpenoids based on a structure having the formula C40H56.

Question 14

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer 14

The mitochondrion internal spaces enclosed by the inner membrane

Question 15

Aerobic respiration

Answer 15

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars)

Question 16

Fermentation

Answer 16

the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.
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Question 17

NAD+

Answer 17

A coenzyme for redox reactions, making it central to energy metabolism.

Question 18

Alcoholic fermentation

Answer 18

A biological process by which sugar is converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Question 19

Glycolysis

Answer 19

process in which glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen

Question 20

NADH

Answer 20

It occurs naturally in the body and plays a role in generating energy.

Question 21

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 21

the process in which incomplete oxidation of glucose occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Question 22

Cellular respiration

Answer 22

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars).

Question 23

Krebs cycle

Answer 23

A series of chemical reactions in living things in which acetic acid or a related substance is oxidized to produce energy which is stored in ATP.

Question 24

Pyruvic acid

Answer 24

A colorless organic liquid formed by the breakdown of carbohydrates and sugars during cell metabolism.

Question 25

Citric acid

Answer 25

A pleasantly sour-tasting organic acid obtained especially from lemon and lime juices or by the chemical breakdown of sugars and used as a flavoring.

Question 26

ATP

Answer 26

The source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.

Question 27

ADP

Answer 27

a molecule that is involved in transferring and providing cells with energy