Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Gov > Unit 4: Linkage Institutions > Flashcards

Unit 4: Linkage Institutions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Government Basics flashcards AP® U.S. Government flashcards
1
Q

political ideology

A

a set of beliefs about the desired goals and outcomes of a process of governance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

political culture

A

dominant set of beliefs, customs, traditions, and values that define the relationship between citizens and government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

individualism

A

belief that individuals should be responsible for themselves and their decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

laisse-faire/free enterprise

A

economic system in which gov intrudes as little as possible in the economic transactions among citizens and businesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

rule of law

A

principle that one one is above the law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

political socialization

A

experiences and factors that shape an individual’s political values, attitudes, and behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

generational effect

A

impact of historical events experienced by a generation upon their political views

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

life-cycle effect

A

impact of one’s age and stage in life on their political views

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

globalization

A

increasing interconnectedness of people, businesses, and countries throughout the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

outsourcing

A

when a company moves its business to a place where labor costs are cheaper or production is more efficient because workers have longer hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

focus group

A

small group of individuals assembled for a conversation about specific issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

scientific poll

A

representative poll of randomly selected respondents with a significant sample size, using neutral language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sample

A

group of individuals from a larger population used to measure public opinion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

random selection

A

method of choosing all poll respondents in a way that doesn’t over or underrepresent any group of the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

representative sample

A

sample that reflects the demographics of the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

weighing

A

procedure in which the survey is adjusted according to the demographic of the larger population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sampling error

A

margin of error in a poll, which is usually calculated to plus or minus three percentage points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

mass survey

A

survey designed to measure the opinions of the population, usually consisting of 1,500 people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

entrance survey

A

poll conducted of people coming to an event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

exit poll

A

survey conducted outside a polling place in which people are asked who they voted for and why

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

benchmark poll

A

survey taken at the beginning of a political campaign in order to gauge support for a candidate and determine which issues are important to voters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

random digit dialing

A

use of randomly generated telephone numbers to select potential survey respondants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

question order

A

sequencing of questions in public opinion polls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

question wording

A

phrasing of a question in a public opinion poll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

political participation

A

different ways in which individuals take action to shape laws/policies of government

(voting, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

political action comittee

A

organization that raises money to elect and defeat candidates; may donate money direction to a candidate’s campaign, subject to limits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

linkage institution

A

channels that connect individuals with government (e.g. elections, political parties, interest groups, the media)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

social movement

A

joining of individuals seeking social/political change; goal of placing issues on the policy agenda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

franchise (sufferage)

A

the right to vote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

26th amendment

A

lowered the voting age to 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

24th amendment

A

prohibits states from imposing a poll tax in federal elections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

poll tax

A

payment required by a state before a citizen is allowed to vote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

voter turnout

A

number of eligible voters who participate in an election as a percentage of the total number of eligible voters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

demographic characteristics

A

measurable characteristics of a population (e.g. economic status, education, age, race/ethnicity, gender)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

socioeconomic status (SES)

A

measure of an individual’s wealth, income, occupation, and educational attainment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

political efficacy

A

person’s belief that they can make effective political change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

political mobilization

A

efforts by political parties to encourage their members to vote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

registration requirements

A

set of rules that govern who can vote, when, how, and where

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

absentee ballot

A

voting completed and submitted by a voter before the day of an election w/o going to the polls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

rational choice voting

A

voting based on what a citizen believes is their best interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

incumbant

A

political figure who currently holds office

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

retrospect voting

A

voting based on an assessment of an incumbent’s past performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

prospective voting

A

casting a ballot for a candidate who promises to enact policies favored by the voter in the future

44
Q

party-line voting

A

voting for candidates who belong only to one political party for all offices on the ballot

45
Q

Electoral College

A

constitutionally required process for selecting the president through the slates of electors chosen in each state, who are pledged to vote for a nominee in the presidential election

46
Q

winner-take-all system

A

system of elections in which the candidate who wins the plurality of votes within a state receives all of that state’s votes in the Electoral College

47
Q

battleground state

A

state where the polls show a close contest between the Republican and Democratic candidate in a presidential election

48
Q

swing state

A

state where levels of support for the parties are similar and elections swing back and forth between D and R

49
Q

Get Out The Vote (GOTV)

A

efforts to mobilize supporters

50
Q

super PAC

A

organization that may spend an unlimited amount of money on a political campaign, as long as the spending is not coordinated with a campaign

51
Q

political party

A

organized group of party leaders, officeholders, and voters who work together to elect candidates to political office

52
Q

party identification

A

degree to which a voter is connected to and influenced by a particular political party

53
Q

straight-ticket voting

A

voting for all of the candidates on the ballot from one political party

54
Q

split-ticket voting

A

voting for candidates from different parties in the same election

55
Q

party platform

A

set of positions and policy objectives that members of a political party agree to

56
Q

party coalition

A

groups of voters who support a political party over time

57
Q

realignment

A

when the groups of people who support a political party shift their allegiance to a different political party

58
Q

critical election

A

major national election that signals a change in the balance of power between two parties

59
Q

party era

A

time period when one party wins most national elections

60
Q

era of divided government

A

trend since 1969, in which one party controls one or both houses of Congress and the president is from the opposing party

61
Q

nomination

A

formal process through which parties choose their candidates for political office

62
Q

delegate

A

person who acts as the voters’ representative at a convention to select the party’s nominee

63
Q

primary election

A

election in which a state’s voters choose delegates who support a presidential candidate for nomination or an election by a plurality vote to select a party’s nominee for a seat in Congress

64
Q

open primary

A

primary election in which all eligible voters may vote, regardless of their party affiliation

65
Q

closed primary

A

primary election in which only those who have registered as a member of a political party may vote

66
Q

caucus

A

process through which a only those who have registered as a member of a political party may vote

67
Q

super delegate

A

usually a party leader or activist who is not pledged to a candidate based on the outcome of the state’s primary or caucus

68
Q

front-loading

A

decision by a state to push its primary or caucus to a date as early in the election season as possible to gain more influence in the presidential nomination process

69
Q

national convention

A

meeting where delegates officially select their party’s nominee for presidency

70
Q

candidate-centered campaign

A

trend in which candidates develop their own strategies and raise money with less influence from the party elite

71
Q

two-party system

A

system in which two political parties dominate politics, winning almost all elections

72
Q

proportional representation system

A

election system for a legislature in which citizens vote for parties, rather than individuals, and parties are represented in the legislature according to the percentage of the vote they may receive

73
Q

single-member plurality system

A

election system for choosing members of the legislature where the winner is the candidate who receives the most votes, even if the candidate does not receive a majority of the votes

74
Q

interest groups

A

voluntary associations of people who come together with the goal of getting policies they favor enacted

75
Q

social movements

A

diffuse groups that educate the public and put pressure on policy makers in an effort to bring about societal change

76
Q

theory of participatory democracy

A

belief that citizens impact policymaking through their involvement in civil society

77
Q

civil society

A

groups outside the government that advocate for policy

78
Q

pluralist theory

A

theory that political power is distributed among many competing groups, which means no single group can be too powerful

79
Q

elitist theory

A

theory that the wealthy elite class has a disproportionate amount of economic and political power

80
Q

policy agenda

A

set of issues to which gov officials, voters, and the public are paying attention

81
Q

collective action

A

political action that occurs when individuals contribute their time, energy, or money to a larger group goal

82
Q

collective good

A

(public good), a public benefit that individuals can enjoy or profit from even if they do not help achieve it

83
Q

free riders

A

individuals who enjoy collective goods and benefit from the actions of an interest group without joinging

84
Q

selective benefits

A

benefits available to only those who join the group

85
Q

economic interest groups

A

groups advocating on behalf of the financial interests of their members

86
Q

public interest groups

A

groups that act on behalf of the collective interest of a broad group of individuals

87
Q

single issue groups

A

associations focusing on one specific area of public policy, often a moral issue on which they are unwilling to compromise

88
Q

government interest groups

A

organizations acting on behalf of local, state, or foreign gov’ts

89
Q

lobbying

A

interacting with government officials in order to advance a group’s public policy goals

90
Q

revolving door

A

movement of individuals between positions in government and lobbying positions

91
Q

amicus curae brief

A

brief filed by someone who is not a party to a case in an attempt to persuade the Courts to agree with the arguments set forth in the brief

92
Q

iron triangle

A

coordinates and mutually beneficial activities of the bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups to achieve shared policy goals

93
Q

issue network

A

webs of influence between interest groups, policymakers, and policy advocates

94
Q

grassroots lobbying

A

mobilizing interest group members to pressure their representatives by contacting them directly through phone calls, email, and social media

95
Q

protest

A

public demonstration designed to call attention to the need for a change

96
Q

civil disobedience

A

intentionally breaking a law to call attention to an injustice

97
Q

news media

A

includes newspapers, magazines, radio, television, internet sources, blogs, and social media postings that cover important events

98
Q

social media

A

forms of electronic communication that enable users to create and share content or to participate through social networking

99
Q

agenda setting

A

media’s ability to highlight certain issues and bring them to the attention of the public

100
Q

mass media

A

sources of info designed to reach a wide audience, including newspapers, radio, television, and internet outlets

101
Q

e service

A

organization that gathers the news and offers it for sale to other media outlets

102
Q

investigative journalism

A

approach to newsgathering in which reporters dig into stories, often looking for instances of wrongdoing

103
Q

broadcast media

A

outlets for news and other content including radio and television that bring stories directly into people’s homes

104
Q

media consolidation

A

concentration of ownership of the media into fewer corporations

105
Q

partisan bias

A

slanting of political news coverage in support of a particular political party or ideology

AP Gov (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions