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AP Gov > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

American political culture

A

Set of beliefs, customs, traditions, and values that Americans share

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2
Q

political issues

A

Issue that arises when people disagree about a problem and how to fix it

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3
Q

politics

A

Process of influencing actions and policy of a government

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4
Q

government

A

institutions that make up a system of policymaking w/in a country

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5
Q

democracy

A

political system; supreme power lies in the people

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6
Q

natural rights

A

idea; all humans have God given rights

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7
Q

inalienable rights

A

idea; all humans have rights the government can’t take away

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8
Q

social contract

A

agreement between the people and their gov signifying their consent to be governed

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9
Q

policy agenda

A

issues on the political sphere

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10
Q

public policy

A

laws

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11
Q

popular sovereignty

A

idea; political authority belongs to the people

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12
Q

republicanism

A

form of government; representatives are elected by the people to make decisions in gov

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13
Q

liberty

A

freedom of choice

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14
Q

participatory gov

A

theory in democracy; citizens should actively/directly control all aspects of their lives through government

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15
Q

civil society groups

A

independent associations outside the gov’s control

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16
Q

pluralist theory

A

theory; groups of people advance policymaking by trying to advance their goals

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17
Q

elitist theory

A

theory; power is disproportionately given to the other class

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18
Q

hyperpluralism

A

theory; too many groups fighting against each other creates gridlock
political institutions

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19
Q

political institutions

A

structures of a political system that carry out the work of governing

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20
Q

constitutional republic

A

form of gov; people elect representatives to uphold a foundational doc

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21
Q

constitution

A

foundational document; written plan of government

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22
Q

republic

A

form of government; in which citizens choose their representative by voting

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23
Q

articles of confederation

A

first constitution in the US; highlighted need for a stronger central gov

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24
Q

unicameral

A

one house legislature

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25
Q

bicameral

A

two house legislature

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26
Q

Shay’s rebellion

A

1786-1787; Daniel Shays led a rebellion in Massachusetts protesting mortgage foreclosures; highlighted the need for a strong central gov

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27
Q

constitutional convention

A

convention of delegates to change the Articles of Confederation

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28
Q

Virginia Plan

A

plan Madison proposed; bicameral, w/ representation based on population; 3 branches w/ lower house directly voted by the people

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29
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

plan Patterson proposed; unicameral, w/ representation based on equality; just a legislature w/ members appointed by states

30
Q

Great Compromise

A

compromise; Representation in Congress; bicameral, w/ one having equal number of representatives for each state and one proportionate to size

31
Q

3/5ths Compromise

A

compromise; Whether or not to include slaves in population; for the number of slaves in a state, add 3/5ths of that counted in population

32
Q

separation of powers

A

division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of gov

33
Q

checks and balances

A

system that allows each branch of gov to limit the powers of the other branches to prevent abuse of power

34
Q

3 branches of gov

A

executive, judicial, and legislative

35
Q

supremacy clause

A

clause; gives Constitution and fed gov ultimate decision-making power

36
Q

amendment

A

change to the Constitution

37
Q

federalists

A

early Democrats; wanted a larger fed gov; wanted Constitution

38
Q

anti-federalists

A

early Republicans; wanted small fed gov; didn’t want the Constitution

39
Q

federalist papers

A

foundational doc; argues for the Constitution; written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay

40
Q

Fed 10

A

foundational doc; Madison argues the danger of factions

41
Q

Fed 51

A

foundational doc; argues the viability of a republic

42
Q

Brutus 1

A

foundational doc; anti-federalist paper- argues against the Constitution; republican gov too large and Constitution gives the fed gov too much power

43
Q

faction

A

political group that tries to further their own interests

44
Q

unitary system

A

type of gov; very strong central gov, power held by one person or a small group of people

45
Q

federal system

A

type of gov; shared power between fed gov and the states

46
Q

confederacy

A

type of gov; very weak central gov, only has a legislative branch

47
Q

expressed/enumerated powers

A

powers granted to the fed gov explicitly mentioned in the Constitution

48
Q

exclusive powers

A

power granted to the fed gov only- not to the states

49
Q

implied powers

A

power granted to the fed gov not explicitly mentioned in the constitution; elastic clause permits

50
Q

inherent powers

A

power necessary to carry out fed sovereignty, such as expanding territory

51
Q

commerce clause

A

clause; gives the fed gov power to regulate interstate trade

52
Q

necessary and proper clause

A

clause; gives the fed gov power to pass laws that are inherent to being a government

53
Q

10th amendment

A

foundational doc; reserved powers; gives any other power not explicitly to the fed gov to the states

54
Q

reserved powers

A

power that is reserved for the states

55
Q

concurrent powers

A

power that both fed gov and states have

56
Q

full faith and credit clause

A

clause; states must recognize specific laws from other states such as licenses and marriage

57
Q

extradition

A

states must return a defendant to the state in which the crime was committed

58
Q

privileges and immunities clause

A

clause; states must not discriminate against visitors from other states

59
Q

dual federalism

A

layer cake; fed and state gov roles clearly defined; state has more power

60
Q

cooperative federalism

A

marble cake; fed and state gov roles are mixed, hard to tell where one ends and the other begins; fed has more power

61
Q

grants in aid

A

manner in which the fed gov gives out money

62
Q

fiscal federalism

A

pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the fed system; cornerstone of gov relations w/ states

63
Q

block grants

A

federal grant; given more or less automatically to states/communities to support broad programs; ex. community development/social services

64
Q

categorical grants

A

federal grant; given to the states to be used for very specific programs; usually have strings attached

65
Q

formula grants

A

categorical grant; given out according to a formula

66
Q

project grants

A

categorical grant; awarded by merits of applicants for specific purposes; ex. National Science Foundation

67
Q

mandates

A

orders from the fed gov to the states that they must complete

68
Q

unfunded mandates

A

orders from the fed gov to the states that they must complete without federal funding

69
Q

cross cutting requirements

A

using federal dollars in one program to influence state policy in another

70
Q

crossover requirements

A

condition on one federal grant extended to all activities supported by federal funds; the same program affects itself

71
Q

devolution

A

returning power to the states

72
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

foundational court case;

AP Gov (5 decks)

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