Unit 4: Later Middle Ages

Question 1

Charlemagne

Answer 1

Ruled from 768-814. Was known as the king of the franks before being crowned holy roman emperor. Charlemagne forced pagans to convert to christianity. He encouraged education and culture. Crated a standardized form of writing. Introduced economic and religious reforms. Dies in 814

Question 2

Decentralized government

Answer 2

When the authority and responsibilities of a place are independent of the central government.

Question 3

Centralized government

Answer 3

When the authority and responsibilities are concentrated in one person or group pf people

Question 4

Treaty of verdun. (843)

Answer 4

Treaty that split the frankish empire in three: lothair, charles the bald, louis the german.

Question 5

Catholic church

Answer 5

Branch of christianity, have beliefs such as purgatory, which is not in the bible

Question 6

Pope

Answer 6

Leader of the church. God’s representative on earth. Superior to the king in all spiritual matters.

Question 7

Feudalism

Answer 7

Essentially a system of exchange. The king gave land to the vassals in exchange for loyalty. The vassals gave land and serfs to knights in exchange of military service. Vassals gave protection to peasants in exchange for work. It was important because it separated western europe. It also created very strict social classes

Question 8

Knights

Answer 8

Military men who fought on horse

Question 9

Code of chivalry

Answer 9

The responsibilities and behavior of the knights. Consisted of four major obligations: defend your feudal lord, be devoted to your heavenly lord, serve your chosen lady, protect the weak and poor

Question 10

Serfs

Answer 10

A form of medieval slave. They could not be bought or sold.

Question 11

Manor

Answer 11

Was like an estate. It included farms, forests a manor house or castle, a church, a village or two, or maybe a city

Question 12

Lords

Answer 12

A lord was a nobleman who lived in the manor house. He was in control of the manor.

Question 13

Purgatory

Answer 13

Believed to be the place a christian’s soul goes after death. It is not in the bible

Question 14

Indulgences

Answer 14

Committing a good deed for forgiveness after committing a sin. You also have to pay for the crime that you did

Question 15

Tithes

Answer 15

Paying the church. Usually 10% of what you earned.

Question 16

Excommunication

Answer 16

When someone is expelled from the church. This means you will go to hell

Question 17

First crusade

Answer 17

1095-1099. Armies from europe drove out the turks from jerusalem

Question 18

Speech at clermont

Answer 18

In 1095, pope urban II, called for a crusade against the muslims, who were occupying holy land and were attacking the byzantines.

Question 19

Jerusalem

Answer 19

Has religious importance for christians and muslims. Were the target for the crusades.

Question 20

The temple of the mount

Answer 20

Where abraham took isaac to sacrifice him.
Site of the first and second temples of jerusalem.
Site of the furthest most sanctuary reached by muhammad and the angel gabriel.
Home of the dome of rock.

Question 21

Islamic golden age

Answer 21

Experienced by the abbasids. The golden age had innovations in almost all fields (mathematics, agriculture, physics, chemistry, health, etc.).

Question 22

Legacy of the crusades

Answer 22

The lasting effects were: 
Contact between cultures that had limited contact prior to the crusades.
Exchange of ideas and customs.
Economic stimulation.
Increased trade.
Improved infrastructure.
Middle class grew stronger.
Serfs improved social standing.
Crusader states were the first european expansion outside of europe.
Establishment of military orders.

Question 23

Constantinople

Answer 23

Capital of the byzantine empire. Was difficult to attack because of it’s barriers.

Question 24

Pope urban II

Answer 24

Made the speech at clermont. He is important because he agreed to help alexius, starts the crusades.

Question 25

Alexius

Answer 25

1081-1118. Makes a slight recovery for the byzantines. Still fears attacks from the seljuk turks and asks pope urbam II for help.

Question 26

Vikings

Answer 26

Attacked the franks right before the crusades and weakened the empire.

Question 27

Archery

Answer 27

Uses bow and arrow to attack

Question 28

Catapults

Answer 28

Artillery of the middle ages. They were used for defense and offense. Stones were used as ammunition.

Question 29

Gothic architecture

Answer 29

Was the style the churches at that time were made in

Question 30

Robin hood

Answer 30

A fictional character who took from the rich and gave to the poor

Question 31

The holy roman empire

Answer 31

After charlemagne was crowned holy roman emperor by pope leo III, the holy roman empire begins. Holy because of its affiliation to the church. Roman becuase of its ties to the city of rome