Unit 4 Key Terms (The Civil War, Reconstruction, and Closing the West) Flashcards
Union
an organization formed by workers who join together and use their strength to have a voice in their workplace
Abraham Lincoln
Confederacy
a group of people, countries, organizations, etc. joined together for a common purpose or by a common interest
Anaconda Plan
The plan called for a naval blockade of the Confederate littoral, a thrust down the Mississippi, and the strangulation of the South by Union land and naval forces.
Emancipation Proclamation
The proclamation declared “that all persons held as slaves” within the rebellious states “are, and henceforward shall be free.”
Reconstruction
the historic period in which the United States grappled with the question of how to integrate millions of newly freed African Americans into social, political, and labor systems.
Lincoln and Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction
Lincoln wanted to ensure rights, such as voting, for the formerly enslaved, Johnson’s plan did not have these same requirements.
Freedmen’s Bureau
provide food, shelter, clothing, medical services, and land to displaced Southerners, including newly freed African Americans.
13th amendment
abolished slavery
14th amendment
grant citizenship to “All persons born or naturalized in the United States,” thereby granting citizenship to formerly enslaved people
15th amendment
vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
Plessy vs Ferguson
racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality
Jim Crow Laws
enforced racial segregation
Sharecropping and Tenant Farming
sharecroppers did not own anything needed for farming the land, which they also did not own. Tenant farmers may own a home near the land and also own all their own seeds, fertilizer, tools, and beasts of burden.
Morill Land Grant Act
provided the state with the funds to establish a public university
Homestead Act
provided 160 acres of federal land to anyone who agreed to farm the land
Dawes Act
authorized the President to break up reservation land, which was held in common by the members of a tribe, into small allotments to be parceled out to individuals
Assimilation
the process of becoming similar to others by taking in and using their customs and culture
Imperialism
when a country extends its power into other territories for economic or political gain
Populism
the idea of “the people
The Spanish American War
a conflict between the United States and Spain
and ended Spain’s empire in the Western Hemisphere
Dollar Diplomacy
the use of a country’s financial power to extend its international influence.
Big Stick Diplomacy
negotiating peacefully but also having strength in case things go wrong. Simultaneously threatening with the “big stick”, or the military
Moral Diplomacy
the system in which support is given only to countries whose beliefs are analogous to that of the nation
Chinese Exclusion Act
main goal of the Chinese exclusion act? decrease Chinese immigration
It was the first significant law restricting immigration into the United
This act provided an absolute 10-year ban on Chinese laborers immigrating to the United States
