Unit 4 - identity Flashcards
Social Catagories
- Age
- Social Class
- Ethnicity
- Gender
- Religion
1st Industrial Revolution
1850 - 1900
Creation of the working class
Industrialization
Urbanization
2nd Industrial Revolution
Established working class
New technology
Creation of Mass Culture
Post WWII
1945 - 1970s
Prosperity of the Middle Class
Start of Consumerism Culture
Suburbanization
Tvs and Movies
Early Post Modern Society
1970s to 2000
Growing middle class (college)
Shrinking working class (manufacturing leaving)
Transition to a technological and service based industry
Current Post Modern Society
2000s - Today
Technological Society
Religion
Historically one of the most powerful in determining roles and norms.
Social Class
The newest and currently the most powerful in determining roles and norms.
Age
The oldest human categories and very little disagreement on roles and norms.
Race
Using physically appearances to categorize people.
Ethnicity
Identified by ancestry from a shared culture. Determined by many factors (language, history, religion, territory, physical appearance).
Nationality
One’s identifying home country, usually by citizenship.
Heterogenous
Different - Society is made of different ethnicities. ex: America
Homogenous
Same/similar - Society is made people sharing a similar ethnic identity. ex: India
Nature
Behavior that is born, instinctual - “mother’s instinct”
Nurture
Behavior that is learned- showing empathy.
What is Socialization?
The way people integrate into a society, group or culture.
What is Conformity?
Behaving in a socially acceptable way, that occurs in any given society or culture.
How can sociologists differ between what is nature and nurture?
Looking at feral children and their behaviors.
What did feral children teach sociologists?
- Children raised without human contact lack fundamental human behaviors (talking, walking upright).
- Less value on nature. Nurture is key in the proper development of humans.
Two components of Socialization?
- Universal - how to communicate, affection.
- Culturally Specific - holding up the middle finger in America is offensive but its the thumbs up i Iraq or Iran.
Primary agents of socialization
- Family
- Peers
Secondary agents of socialization
Education
Mass Media
Religion
What are agents of socialization?
The areas of society that teach us behavioral rules.
How are agents of socialization done and teach social behavior?
Someone must establish what is right and wrong in a society.
Formal and Informal control.
Positive and negative sanctions.
Primary agents of socialization - definition
Identified as the agencies of intimate face to face association and cooperation. - Cooley
Peers Overview
Peers - Age based friends and work colleagues develop more advanced socialization skills.
Family overview
Family - Meets the early and Basic socialization skills.
Family
The foundation of our moral values and our individual identity because the child is entirely dependent on the parents.
Family: primary purpose
To lay the foundation for a competent member of society.
Family: Primary control used
Informal: because children lack language skills to read formal rules.
Family: primary sanction used
Dependent on parenting style
Negative - punishment
Positive - reward
Peers
Usually the age group in-which we associate and as we age the age range of what defines peer becomes more diverse.
Peer-group norms
As we progress through childhood, into teenage and young adult age the peer group has more influence as an agency of socialization including dress, talk, and social interactions “social Scripts”.
Sub-cultures
Cultural groups within a larger group. ex: goths and jocks. The macro group is teenagers but that can be broken down into micro groups.
Peer group sanctions
Informal Social sanctions or rewards and punishments in the presence of the group.
Secondary agents of socialization
Education
Mass media
Religion
Secondary agents of socialization: defenition
Identified as a sense of detachment from the ones teaching socialization. Do not have close personal contact. Parsons argued the purpose was to free us from the primary agencies.
Religion
The historical influence of religion over family (roles) and government (laws)
Based in right and wrong so religion is how to live your life.
Religion: values as sources of conflict
between religions
within religions (catholics vs. baptists)
Sanctions: based on afterlife
Positive - heaven, reincarnation to a new life.
Negative - hell, reincarnation to a lesser life form
Education: value systems
The high and low value we place on educational tasks without actually saying it.
writing an essay is more valued than bricklaying.
Two kinds of curricula
formal curriculum - subjects, knowledge, and skills. most countries practice a liberal arts education.
hidden curriculum - Social skills. Based in the integration of many different cultural beliefs. and states beliefs (capitalism or socialism)
Education: Marxist perpective
School norms and work norms are the same.
Consumerism
The active pursuit of want, which defines our happiness.
Mass media
How information is given to the majority in a society.
Short term effects of mass media
Imitation - copying behavior we see in mass media.
Desensitization - exposure makes us change the value - violence and sex.
Learning - new ideas and places can change our perspective
Creating Identity - interactionist (mead)
I - our opinion of ourselves, the unsocialized self. how we respond to the behavior of others. unsocialized self.
Me - awareness of how others expect us to behave in a given situation, social self.
Looking glass self
How people respond to you, is the mirror of your self identity. cooley’s theory.
Goffman’s argument - interactionist
Our identity is socially constructed through how er present ourselves to others, called identity performance, based on cooleys theory.
Creating Identity - Post modernist
New uncertainties based on changing ideas of identity.
social change has created different views on identity (male/female/non binary)
primary sources of identity (class, age, and gender) have less meaning in developing self.
metanarritives are the primary mehtod used - how people create their identity (common themes, traits, norms)
Two modern social catagories that create identity - post-modernist
consumptions
cyber identities
Effects of mass media on socialization
Immediacy - has created a need for immediacy in other structures.
validation - likes etc roles and norms are being created for individual
technology has given us access to different cultures, people fund others with same norms and surround themselves - affirms their perspective.
Religion as a function
Socialization: Creates morals and values
Solidarity: Creates common Culture
Control: Rules/laws based on God’s will
Role of Religion
Establishes beliefs and values that…
1. Explain divine forces
2. Defines how people worship the divine
3. Defines how people within a religion behave (power)
Sex
How someone is biologically born (male/female)
Gender
How one identifies, and acts based on the societal norms of that specific gender.
Upper Class
- $500,000
- have money for excess things
- business owners, entertainment industry, money management, natural resources and technology
- Can afford and have resources for prestigious institutions (ivy league)
- can afford and are exposed too many different cultural experiences. High end restaurants, opera, international travel.
- use the best-most expensive products and stores.
