Unit 4 Human Rights and Global Hotspots Flashcards
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
a document including 30 rights that every human is entitled to so that they can grow and flourish
- countries around the world started to agree on the UDHR in 1948
- Elanor Roosevelt was the first lady who helped write a lot of it
- it started the development of human rights all around the world
United Nations
a world organization, created in 1945, that works to maintain worldwide peace and cooperation
- it develops relations among nations
- fosters cooperation between nations in order to solve economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian problems
- the organization has no military might and their biggest consequence is to stop exporta and sanctions
- provides a forum for countries to gather together to meet the UN’s purposes and goals
- originally 51 countries but around 193 today
- put together UDHR
Pyramid of Hate
a way to visually depict how the seeds of hate can grow from biased behaviors to violence and even genocide
- there are 5 levels of the pyramid
- 1st level (bottom of pyramid): biased attitudes
- 2nd level: acts of bias
- 3rd level: discrimination
- 4th level: bias motivated violence
- 5th level (top of pyramid): genocide
- if you are on this pyramid, even on the bottom levels, you are supporting the people on the higher levels
Indian Removal Act
an act that forced all Native Americans off of their ancestral land to where we nowadays know to be Oklahoma
- this event took place in the 1830’s when the president at the time, Andrew Jackson, passed the Indian Removal Act
- this act forced native american tribes such as the Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw, Sauk, Fox, Choctaw, Seminole, and some other minor tribes, off of their native land and out of their homes
- the white americans wanted more land, so they saw an opportuinity, and took it (plus it was good land)
- most tribes went the first time they were asked to leave, but the ones who didn’t, went to battle, and eventually lost
- the white americans enforced this act by violence such as millitary and guns
- this act took away the Native Americans right to equality, to free travel, to a property, and many more.
Andrew Jackson
the president that approved the Indian Removal Act
- in his election campaign, he said the first thing he would do was push the Native Americans off their land and get them more land
- he was taken to court many times on this idea and even lost a case once, but ignoring it, he still took the land anyways
- he took away many of the rights the Native Americans were entitled to and was kind of cruel
Trail of Tears
the various paths the Native Americans had to take during the Indian Removal Act
- there were aproximately 16,000 deaths on this trail, whether it was due to harsh weather, disease, or starvation/poor health
- they were forced to take any belongings they could carry with them, causing it to be much harder to travel
- it could take up to 3 months, and they had to travel by foot as well
- some trails could be up to 1,000 miles long
- it is called the trail of tears because there were many tears shed on it
Discrimination
unfair treatment of a person or group based on their identity (race, religion, gender, culture, etc.), such as in a job or school opportunities, housing, criminal justice, and segregation
- an example of discrimination could be if someone were to only allow men to shop at their store discriminating all women.
Prejudice
negative attitudes towards a particular group based on their identity
- an example of prejudice could be people in the U.S. after the bombing of pearl harbor calling the Japanese racial slurs and other hateful names
Japanese Internment Camp
the camps where all people of Japanese Ancestry where relocated to after the attack on Pearl Harbor
- soon after the attack on Pearl Harbor, on May 27th 1941 (74 days after the attack) Executive Order 9066 was established
- this order instructed all people of Japanese Ancestry to pack up things they could carry such as bedding, toiletries, and clothing, and go to an assembly center which they would be later transported to a Japanese Internment Camp
- they were forced to sell businesses and belongings and many families were split up
- they were not killing camps
- there were 10 camps with all of them having barrack style housing, barbed wire fence around them, and heavily millitated
- the Japanese were sent to these camps for “remaining loyal to their ancestral land” and they treated them that way too, arresting some for having suspected ties to Japan
- this forced over 110,000 Japanese Amricans to leave their homes and they were tagged like luggage
- 2/3 were american citizens and half were children
- they isolated the Japanese and also scapegoated them
- camps lasted from 1941-1946
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
the president at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor
- he had many famous quotes, one of them being right after the attack on Pearl Harbor; “A day that will live in infamy.”
- he would be a part of infulencing the camps and Executive Order 9066
Attack on Pearl Harbor
the Japanese millitary bombed the Pearl Harbor Naval Base in Hawaii on December 7th, 1941
- before the attack the U.S. was not “involved” in WWII
- 2,300 Americans killed in 2 hours
- 8 battleships sunk
- 2 1/2 hours later Japan declared war on the U.S.
- this was the reason for the Japanese Internment Camps
Bias
negative thoughts or idead about, or agianst a certain group based on differences, real or imagined, without any factual basis
- an example of this is predjudice
Scapegoating
the act of blaming an entire group for the actions of one or a few
- an example of scapegoating could be blaming all Muslims for 9/11
Apartheid
a word that literally means “seperateness or apartness” in Afrikaans, it was a system of racial segregation laws that governed South Africa for nearly 50 years
- these laws aimed to protect the domination of white Southern Africans over non-whites
- In 1948, the National Party came to power and established the restrictive segregationist laws of apartheid
- Apartheid allowed many whites to grow wealthy and powerful while millions of blacks suffered
- under apartheid, blacks could not vote (about 9 million were excluded from participating in government), and every aspect of their life was controlled
- whites owned 80% of the land even though they were 10% of the population
- in 1951, government officials passed the Bantu Authorities Act which placed all non-white into “homelands” that they couldn’t leave from without a passport
- their “homelands” were called Bantustans, which offered a poor quality of land and were unfit for the large populations forced to live there
- it took away human rights such as the right of equality, freedom, free travel, participation in government, and many more
Segregation
seperation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences
- an example of segregation are the apartheid laws which spereatd South Africa into whit and non-white and restricted where the non-white could live, work, travel, sit, go to the bathroom, eat, etc.
Nelson Mandela
July 18, 1918 - December 5, 2013
a leading member of the ANC and beleived in non-violent protests
- Mandela was accused of plotting aganst the white supremacist government and was arrested at the age of 46
- he was sent to life in prison on Robben Island where he was forced to do hard labor and was only allowed 1 visitor every 6 months
- F.W. de Klerk released Mandela from prison in 1990 after he served a total of 27 years
- de Klerk and Mandela worked together to put an end to apartheid
- in 1993, de Klerk and Mandela shared the Nobel Peace Prize for moving the country peacefully into a non-racial democracy
- Nelson Mandela was elected as first black president in 1994 during first election open to all races
F.W. de Klerk
the elected president of South Africa in 1989 and worked with Nelson Mandea to dismantle the aparteid laws
- first he released the ban on the ANC (almost immediately)
- he then released Nelson Mandela from prison in 1990, then together they worked to put an end to the aparheid, peacefully
- he shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Nelson Mandela after being successful and moving the country peacefully to a non-racial democracy
African National Congress
(ANC)
an organization that had the goal of increasing the rights of Native Africans
- the ANC began to actively fight apartheid in the 1950’s
- the ANC was eventually declared illegal by the South African government and membrs were often arrested, including Nelson Mandela, who was a lading member of the ANC
- the ANC was unbanned in 1989 by president F.W. de Klerk
Political Cartoon
a cartoon usually about a political peron, event, institution, or idea that reflects the cartoonist’s values or opinions
- political cartoons may be very funny, especially if you understand the topic that they’re commenting on, but their main purpose, though, is not to amuse you but to PERSUDE you
- a good cartoon makes you think about current events, but it also tries to sway your opinion toward the cartoonist’s point of view
- there is always a message, usually serious
- they often include; symbolism Ex: dove for peace, satire (humor that shows the bad qualities of a peron or government), and caricatures (visual art or descriptive writing that exaggerates certain features to create a comical or absurd affect)
- political cartoons always have an opinion, and some include propaganda
- Dr. Seuss was known for his political cartoons during WWII
Anti-semitism
prejudice acts towards Jewish people
Patriotism
the quality of being patriotic; devotion to and vigorous support for one’s country
- basically it is to feel pride with your country
- some examples of patriotism include; hanging up your country’s flag, buying war bonds in a time of crisis, celebrate national holidays, sing the national anthem, etc.
Nationalism
identification with one’s own nation and support for it’s intrests, especially to the exclusion or detrimentof the intrests of other nations
- a more extreme version of patriotism where people think their country is superior
- Nationalism is amplified by war
Treaty of Versailles
a document signed between Germany and the Allied Powers following WWI that officially ended that war
- the countries bnefitted were America, France, and Britain, getting reperation land
- this treaty was not fair to Germany, because they were blamed for the war and had land loss, millitary restrictions, and had to pay a ton of war reperations
- Germany was basically forced to sign the document and had no say in what was written because America, France, and Britain created the document
- some argue that it caused WWII because taking away Germany’s resources made Germans even more mad
- the cost of the reperations sent Germany into eceonomic failure
World War 1
a war between the central and allied powers that lasted from July 28, 1914 - November 11, 1918
- took place in most of cenntral Europe
- there were 135 different countries which were divided between allied and central powers (more were allied powers)
- the main reason for the war was the difference over foreign policy, but what really set it off was the assasiation of Franz Ferdinand and his pregnant wife Sophie and some other minor conflicts
- the U.S. got involved in 1917
- chemical weapons were used for the first time with mustard gas during this war
- there was an explosion in France that was heard in England
- many mines were planted in mine shafts causing many explosions
- 12 million letters were sent every week
- plastic surgery was invented because of WWI
- blood banks were developed during the war
- the youngest british soldier was 12
- the League of Nations was established to stop future wars
- was called the “Great War” or the “War of all Wars”
- the war lasted 4 years, 3 months, and 14 days
- the allied powers won and the Treaty of Versailles was signed June 18, 1919
