Unit 4 - Head and Neck: Bones of the Skull (Ex. III)

Question 1

calvaria bones

Answer 1

frontal bone
occipital bone
parietal bones

Question 2

layers of calvaria

Answer 2

outer table –> dense layer
diploe layer –> middle
inner table –> thin layer

Question 3

viscerocranium (14)

Answer 3

maxillae
mandible
nasal bones
lacrimal bones
zygomatic bones
palatine bones
vomer
inferior nasal conchae

Question 4

What does the frontal bone form?

Answer 4

forehead
orbit:
  - roof
  - S rim
floor of A cranial fossa

Question 5

What do the parietal bones form?

Answer 5

S-L parts of calvaria

–> house middle meningeal aa. and S sagittal sinus

Question 6

What is notable about the occipital bone?

Answer 6

forms P cranial fossa
A portion: clivus
foramina:
  - foramen magnum
  - jugular foramina
  - condylar canals
occipital condyles
grooves for sigmoid and transverse dural sinuses
S and I nuchal lines and EOP externally

Question 7

What do the temporal bones form?

Answer 7

part of middle and P cranial fossae
squamous part (outer) ==> L skull
petrous part (inner) ==> encloses middle and inner ear
tympanic part ==> encloses external auditory canal and tympanic membrane

Question 8

processes of T bones

Answer 8

mastoid process –> air cells
P part of zygomatic arch
styloid process

Question 9

foramina of T bones

Answer 9

internal and external acoustic meati
carotid canal
stylomastoid foramen

mandibular fossa and articular tubercle articulate w/ mandible

Question 10

sphenoid bone

Answer 10

forms:
- P part of orbit
- floor and L wall of middle cranial fossa between F and T bones
greater wings ==> form parts of middle cranial fossa and L walls of skull
lesser wings ==> form P part of A cranial fossa - end in A clinoid processes
body encloses sphenoid sinus
sella turcica ==> hypophysis in hypophyseal fossa
pterygoid processes w/ M and L pterygoid plates project I
openings:
- optic canals
- S orbital fissures
- foramina rotundum
- foramina ovale
- foramina spinosum

Question 11

ethmoid bone

Answer 11

forms:
- part of A cranial fossa
- M walls of orbits
- parts of nasal septum and L nasal walls
cribriform plate - in A cranial fossa above nasal cavity
perpendicular plate –> part of nasal septum
processes:
- crista galli - S
- S and middle nasal concha I on L wall of nasal cavity
ethmoidal air cells ==> ethmoid sinuses

Question 12

neurocranium (8)

Answer 12

frontal bone 
parietal bones
occipital bone
temporal bones
sphenoid bone
ethmoid bone

Question 13

What do the maxillae form?

Answer 13

upper jaw
floors of orbits
parts of nose and palate

Question 14

What do the maxillae contain?

Answer 14

maxillary dental arch –> alveoli for upper teeth
palatine processes –> A part of palate
frontal processes –> part of external nose
infraorbital foramen
maxillary sinus - below orbit

Question 15

mandible

Answer 15

forms lower jaw
body - articulates P w/ vertical ramus ==> forms angle
coronoid process on S end of ramus - mandibular notch separates it from P condylar process
head of condylar process articulates w/ mandibular fossa of T bone
foramina:
- mental foramen externally
- mandibular foramen internally
mandibular dental arch ==> alveoli for lower teeth

Question 16

What do the nasal bones form?

Answer 16

bridge of nose

Question 17

What do the lacrimal bones form?

Answer 17

A M walls of orbits ==> contain fossae for lacrimal sacs

Question 18

What do the zygomatic bones form?

Answer 18

bony prominences of cheeks
A parts of zygomatic arches
L walls of orbits

Question 19

What do palatine bones form?

Answer 19

P L walls of nasal cavity via vertical parts of the bones

P parts of palate via horizontal processes

Question 20

What does the vomer form?

Answer 20

I and P part of nasal septum

Question 21

What do the I nasal conchae form?

Answer 21

lowest scroll-like processes on L walls of nasal cavity