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Knes Fall 2023 > Unit 4 Focus Study > Flashcards

Unit 4 Focus Study Flashcards

1
Q

Resting inhalation muscles

A
  • diaphragm contracts
  • external intercostals
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2
Q

resting exhalation muscles

A
  • diaphragm relaxes/recoil
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3
Q

forceful inhalation muscles

A
  • diaphragm contracts
  • external intercostals
  • sternocleidomastoid pulls on ribs
  • pectoralis minor pulls on ribs
  • scalenes pulls on ribs
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4
Q

forceful exhalation muscles

A
  • diaphragm relaxes/recoils
  • abdominal wall
  • internal intercostal pulls ribcage down
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5
Q

Central Chemoreceptors

A
  • in CSF
  • Sensitive to high CO2 & Hydrogen levels (if too high ⇒ faster breathing)
  • most important in monitoring breathing environment b/c it monitors toxins
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6
Q

Peripheral Chemoreceptors

A
  • in PNS and next to baroreceptors in carotid and aorta b/c that’s where oxygenated blood are
  • sensitive to O2 (if oxygenated blood goes lower than 103 ⇒ faster breathing)
  • less important b/c it’s only activated during drastic high elevation changes due to lack of O2
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7
Q

Volumes

A
  • tidal volume
  • Inspiratory reserve volume
  • Expiratory reserve volume
  • Residual volume
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8
Q

Capacities

A
  • vital capacity: tidal, IRV, ERV
  • total lung capacity: tidal, IRV, ERV, residual
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9
Q

factors that affect lung volumes and capacities

A
  • gender: men>women
  • size: taller>shorter
  • age: older<younger
  • lifestyle: smoker<nonsmoker
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10
Q

coverings of lungs (outer to inner)

A
  • parietal pleura
  • pluera cavity
  • visceral pleura
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11
Q

order of air

A

nose →
nasal cavity →
pharynx →
epiglottis →
larynx →
trachea →
primary bronchi →
secondary bronchi →
tertiary bronchi →
bronchioles →
alveoli

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12
Q

4 events of respiration

A
  1. breathing/ventilation / pulmonary ventilation
  2. gas exchange (diffusion) between lungs and blood: External respiration
  3. gas transport in blood between lungs and body cells: left side of heart pumps oxygenated blood to deliver to body
  4. gas exchange (diffusion) between blood and body cells: When we drop off oxygen to tissue and pick up CO2, becoming deox blood
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13
Q

external respiration

A

gas exchange at lungs to blood and environment by bringing air into the lungs (inhalation) and releasing air to the atmosphere (exhalation)

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14
Q

Internal respiration

A

gas exchange at tissues (drop off O2 & pick up CO2)

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15
Q

Upper (outside thorax) / above vocal chords

A

nose
nasal cavity
sinuses
pharynx

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16
Q

Lower (inside thorax) / below vocal chords

A

larynx
trachea
bronchial tree
lungs

17
Q

SNS

A
  • bronchodilation
  • during exercise
18
Q

PNS

A
  • bronchoconstriction
  • at rest

Knes Fall 2023 (9 decks)

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