Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology III > Unit 4 Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

Unit 4 Exam Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Physiological response to hyperventilation?

A

Kidneys conserve H+, kidneys excrete more HCO3.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mixed solution w/ a semi-permeable membrane which lets water cross. Side A has 1000 small particles and 100 big particles. Side B has 1000 big particles. How does the water move?

A

Water will move to Side A (follows decreasing gradient)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True or false? Intracellular pH is slightly lower b/c cell metabolism produces acid.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

During respiratory acidosis pCO2 ______ and is compensated for by _____ in HCO3 stores.

A
  • increases

- increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

An elevation of ____ in plasma results in jaundice in dogs.

A

Bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the liver serve as a buffer for?

A

Iron and glucose! (2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

High pH, low H+, high PaCO2, and increased bicarbonate. What is this typical of?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

High CO2 and high H+/low pH suggests what?

A

Respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Does an increase in capillary permeability describe endogenous prevention of extracellular edema?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What compartment is the largest body fluid compartment?

A

Intracellular compartment (ICF)

40%?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What drives intracellular edema during ischemia (lack of blood flow)?

A

Ionic pump failure that leads to accumulation of intracellular sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What cell type in the liver is known for secreting bile?

A

Hepatocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bile has 3 main functions

A

Emulsifier, transport cholesterol, excrete waste products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What will shift an oxygen-dissociation to the right?

A

Increase in H+

Increase temp, increase CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is the bicarbonate filtered at the glomerulus the same bicarbonate that is reabsorbed back into the blood?

A

NOOO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is H+ transported from the epithelial cell into the renal tubule?

A

Na/H anti porter
H+ ATPase
K/H+ antiporter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Does the interstitial fluid compartment have a higher protein concentration compared to the plasma?

A

No, the plasma has more proteins!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or false? Veinous pH is a little basic b/c of the high CO2 and becomes H2CO3

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What components are concentrated in the ECF?

A

Sodium, chloride, bicarbonate

20
Q

As bile travels through its ducts, what is added to the bile?

A

Sodium, water, bicarbonate

21
Q

What happens to plasma CO2 and pH from an increase in alveolar ventilation?

A

Decreased CO2 and increased pH

22
Q

Do all alterations to body fluids begin in the intracellular fluid?

A

No, they begin in the extracellular fluid

23
Q

Which ion(s) make up the bulk of the osmoles in the ICF?

A

Potassium

24
Q

What happens to a cell’s volume if it is put into a hypertonic solution?

A

It shrinks!

25
Q

What regulates fluid movement from the plasma to the interstitium?

A

Osmotic pressure and Hydrostatic pressure

26
Q

Does edema only afflict the extracellular compartments?

A

No

27
Q

What factors into one’s fluid balance?

A

Age, sex, obesity.

Muscle contains more water

28
Q

These liver endothelial cells are special from other capillaries because of large holes called what?

A

Sinusoids (cell type), fenestra

29
Q

What does “third space” mean?

A

Space doesn’t equilibrate with extracellular fluid and likely results in loss of blood volume.

30
Q

How does the body regulate extracellular osmolality?

A

ADH-water excretion

Brain- water intake

31
Q

How can an individual take in water?

A

Ingest food, water, synthesize by oxidation

32
Q

How does a brain compensate for hypernatremia (dehydration)?

A

Regulatory volume increase (RVI) by increasing electrolytes.

33
Q

What is the advantage of using NH4+ as a urine buffer?

A

NH4+ is not permeable across cell membranes. So it is trapped in the tubular lumen.

34
Q

How does the renal system respond to an increase in pCO2?

A
  • secretes more H+ into the tubular lumen
  • conserves all HCO3-
  • generates new HCO3- via buffer system
35
Q

What mechanism is the best at regulating extracellular pH?

A

Kidneys

36
Q

When a patient has a loss of a hypotonic fluid (sweating), what happens to the ICF and osmolality?

A

Decrease in volume, increase in osmolality.

37
Q

During hyponatremia, what happens to plasma sodium?

What are the short term consequences to the cells?

A

Sodium falls below 142 mEq/L

Cells swell

38
Q

What is NOT concentrated in the ECF?

A

Potassium

39
Q

The liver blood flow is (high/low)?
The liver functions as what type of reservoir?
The liver lymph flow is high or low?

A
  • high
  • blood reservoir
  • lymph is high
40
Q

What is the first line of defense for buffering against ECF pH changes? (Within seconds)

A

Chemical buffer systems

41
Q

What is the most important urine buffer during ACIDOSIS?

A

Ammonia buffer (A as in Acid)

42
Q

Can all animal liver’s produce vitamin C?

A

No

43
Q

How can kidneys regulate acid-base balance?

A

Excrete a basic or acidic urine

44
Q

True or false? Urine varies depending on acid/base balance in the animal.

A

True

45
Q

Primary buffer in the ECF

A

Bicarbonate buffer system

46
Q

Blood pH is 7.1, a PaCO2 of 20 MmHg, and a HCO3 of 15mEq/L. What is the diagnosis?

A

Metabolic acidosis

47
Q

What are the buffer systems in cells?

A

Phosphate and proteins

Physiology III (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions