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Physiology III > Final Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What type of nephron has a long Loop of Henle along with a HIGH concentration power.

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

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2
Q

What carriers urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

A

Ureter

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3
Q

What makes the renal vasculature so unique?

A

Two capillary beds

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4
Q

True or false? The peritubular capillaries have low hydrostatic pressure.

A

True.

The glomerular capillaries have high hydrostatic pressure.

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5
Q

In what scenario would the excretion rate be equal to the filtration rate?

A

If the substance is not reabsorbed or secreted.

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6
Q

True or false? The parasympathetic nervous system comes into play during the filling of the bladder.

A

False. The SYMPATHETIC NS is responsible for the bladder filling.

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7
Q

What muscle allows the bladder to contract?

A

Detrusor/smooth muscle

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8
Q

What sphincter PREVENTS urination and is under voluntary control?

A

External sphincter

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9
Q

True or false? The voiding phase is the longest of micturition.

A

False, the FILLING phase is the longest phase.

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10
Q

True or false. All animals have the classic kidney bean shape.

A

False, mammals do

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11
Q

What force does not play a role in controlling GFR in normal circumstances? (It is zero)

A

Bowman’s capsule osmotic force

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12
Q

True or false? Glomerular capillaries have a significantly higher filtration rate than normal capillaries.

A

True

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13
Q

Which of the following glomerulus layers is unique to the capillary?

  • fenestrations
  • podocytes
  • basement membrane
  • endothelium
A

Podocytes

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14
Q

Why is it that albumin cannot cross the glomerulus in normal circumstances?

A

Large size and negative charge.

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15
Q

Why would the Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure increase?

A

Obstructive uropathy

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16
Q

What process consumes a majority of renal metabolism?

A

Sodium reabsorption

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17
Q

What is the largest determinant of renal blood flow by regulating vascular resistance?

A

Efferent arterioles

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18
Q

Do strong sympathetic nervous stimulation increase, decrease or maintain GFR by constricting the arterioles?

A

Decrease GFP under constriction

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19
Q

Angiotensin 2 _______ GFR by constricting the _______ arteriole

A

Preserves; efferent

20
Q

What term describes the kidney’s intrinsic ability to regulate blood flow independent of pressure changes

A

Autoregulation

21
Q

______ cells are found in the arterioles of the glomerulus and secrete ____

A

Granular; renin

22
Q

True or false? Glomerular filtration is highly selective.

A

False, it is not highly selective

23
Q

Where in the kidney does ultrafiltration occur?

A

Bulk flow reabsorption into peritubular capillaries

24
Q

Where in the kidney does most of the uncontrolled sodium reabsorption occur?

A

PCT

25
Q

True or false? The osmolarity of the filtrate has gone up at the end of the PCT?

A

False. It stays the same

26
Q

What portion of the nephrons do loop diuretics target?

A

TAL

27
Q

What electrolyte does a Type A intercalated cell play an important role in the transportation of?

A

Hydrogen

28
Q

True or false? The insertion of aquaporin does NOT describe the action of aldosterone on a principal cell?

A

True. Things that aldosterone does includes insertion of new ENaC, promotes ATP production, and insertion of new Na/K ATPase

29
Q

Where would a K-sparing diuretic target in the nephron?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

30
Q

How does one determine urine osmolarity in the clinic?

A

Measure urine specific gravity

31
Q

How does the kidney form concentrated urine?

A

ADH and CCMM

32
Q

The hormone ____ controls the recirculation of _____, which contributes about 50% to the hyperosmotic renal medullary?

A

ADH; urea

33
Q

True or false? The DCT is permeable to water, independent of ADH.

A

False. The PCT is permeable to water independent of ADH

34
Q

What is not a good indicator of GFR/kidney function?

A

Glucose

35
Q

What hormone is best at controlling water reabsorption?

A

ADH

36
Q

True or false? Glucose diffuses across the BLM using GLUT transporters?

A

True

37
Q

Where are variations in K secretion handles in the nephrons?

A

DCT

38
Q

What property of the Vasa Recta allow it to contribute to making a hyperosmotic renal medulla

A

It does Not create the hyperosmotic renal medulla

39
Q

What is the diagnostic term for BUN elevations

A

Azotemia

40
Q

What is creatinine a good measure of GFR?

A

Very little secreted, freely filtered, not reabsorbed

41
Q

What hormone is a drug effecting that accidentally inhibits K regulation in plasma?

A

Aldosterone

42
Q

Why would a type 1 (DM) diabetic patient struggle w/ K regulation?

A

Insulin is an important regulator of K

43
Q

What transporter is essential in reabsorbing glucose in the DCT?

A

Glucose is not reabsorbed in the DCT

44
Q

What term describes when glucose starts to be excreted in urine?

A

Renal threshold

45
Q

A patient w/ PU, PD, and glucose + in urine is what?

A

Diabetes mellitus

Physiology III (2 decks)

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