Unit 4 Exam ?'s Flashcards
Right Renal vein?
Shorter and has no tributaries
Anatomical nutcracker
- Most common site for aortic aneurysms
- Compressive abdominal trauma
- Application of body cast
(Cast syndrome)
3 constrictions where kidney stones become lodged
Uteropelvic junction
Pelvic brim
Where it enters the wall of the bladder
SupraRenal gland
Part of the endocrine system
Composed of medulla and Cortex
Secretions are essential for life
Addison’s disease
Adrenal hypofunction
Affects corticosteroid output primarily
Arteries for the SupraRenal gland
Superior SupraRenal A -from the inferior phrenic A Middle SupraRenal A -from the aorta Inferior suprarenal A -from the renal A
SupraRenal vein
Right suprarenal vein drains directly into the IVC
Left drains into the left renal vein
Relative to its size what has the largest autonomic nerve supply of any organ?
SupraRenal Gland
Weakness of which abdominal structure results in a hiatal hernia?
Right Crus of the abdominal aspect of the diaphragm
Positive Right psoas sign
Pain produced when thigh is extended passively or when patients flexes hip.
Possible acute appendicitis
Iliohypogastric nerve
Sensory to the skin covering the pubis and gluteal region
2 branches of the Genitofemoral nerve?
Genital branch
Femoral branch
Lumbar plexus branches
Iliohypogastric N Ilioinguinal N Genitofemoral N Lateral Cutaneous N of the thigh Femoral Nerve Obturator N
In anatomical position the pelvis is tilted so that?
The ASÍS and the upper margin of the pubic symphysis lie in the same vertical plane.
The tip of the coccyx and the upper margin of the pubic symphysis lie in the same horizontal plane
Paranephric fat functions
Protection
Insulation
Support
What crosses the ureter?
Gonadal vessel and crosses the common iliac artery
Where can kidney stones becomes lodged?
Ureteropelvic junction
Pelvic brim
Where it enters the wall of the bladder
Lesser pelvis is known as?
True pelvis
Pelvic cavity proper
Anthropoid pelvis
Long A-P diameter
Present in some males
20% of females
Platypelloid pelvis
Short A-P diameter
Rare in males
Present in 2% of females
Android pelvis
Heart shaped inlet
Most males
30% of females
Gynecoid pelvis
Ovoid or round inlet
Ideal for child birth
Common in women
Differences between male and female pelvis
Greater sciatic notch of female is broad and shallow. Males are narrow and deep
What hormone during pregnancy allow the pelvis to become loose in females?
Relaxin
What passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
- Obturator internus muscle tendon & Nerve
- internal pudendal vessels
- Pudendal nerve
What passes through the lesser and greater sciatic foramen?
Pudendal nerve
Internal pudendal vessels
Nerve to obturator internus
Rectouterine pouch
Between the rectum and uterus
It is the lowest point in he peritoneium of the female
Puborectalis functions?
Maintain the angle at the anorectal junction. relaxes during defecation.
functions to direct the fetal head forward during parturition
Inferior gluteal artery
Exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the prirformis msucle
it passes between the 1st and 2nd and 3rd sacral nerves
Superior gluteal Nerve
Exits the pelvis though the greater sciatic foramen Superior to the piriformis
exits above piriformis exception in the sacral plexus
Rectosigmoid junction
The upper limit of the rectum located in the middle of the sacrum
Anal pecten
A bluish white zone inferior to the pectinate line
External hemorrhoids
Varicosites of inferior rectal veins Causes: Pregnancy Heavy lifting Sitting Straining-chronic constapation LONG DISTANCE TRUCK DRIVERS
Uvula of bladder
Median ridge which extends above and behind the internal urethral
Internal urethral sphincter
A circular layer of smooth muscle which surrounds the neck of the bladder in males
Ductus deferens
The ductus deferens is a thick-walled tube which carries spen from the testis to the ejaculatory duct
Vesectomy (deferentectomy)
Technique for male sterilization
-transection, and litigation of ductus deferens
What does the seminal vehicle produce
Alkaline component of semen
Function of prostate gland
Produce semen (non-alkaline)
Suspensory ligament of the ovary?
Extends from the ovary to the pelvic brim and contains the ovarian vessels
Abdominal optimum
The opening of the uterine tube near the ovary
there is a gap between the abdominal ostium and the ovary. They are NOT connected
Fertilization takes place in females where
Uterine tube MOST commonly Ampulla?
2nd most common infundibulum
What is anteversion of the uterus?
The lower end of the uterus forms approximately a right angle with the vagina
What is anteflexion of the uterus?
The uterus is bent downward at the junction between its body and cervix.
Which lymphatic of the female lower pelvis can be cancerous?
Internal iliac nodes (cervix)
Rectocele
Bulging of the rectum into the posterior wall of vagina due to muscle damage caused by chile birth.
Cytoskeleton
Bulging of the bladder into he anterior wall of the vagina may cause difficulty in micturation
Uterine prolapse
The uterus slips down into the vagina and descend to an abnormally low lleve in pelvis
risk factor MULTIPLE BIRTHS
What muscles attach tot he perineal body?
- Superficial Transverse Perineal
- Deep transverse Perineal
- Bulbospongiosus
- Levator Ani
- External Anal Sphincter
What does not attach to perineal body?
The Ischiocavernosus muscle
Lies lateral to it
Compressor urethrae
Originates from ischial-ubicado ramus on each side and forms a band anterior ro the urethra
**external urethral sphincter - may be damaged during parturition - urinary incompetence may result
Ischioanal fossa
Filled with fat
The fat supports anal canal prevents rectal prolapse
Anterior recesses of ischioanal fossa.
Allow infection to spread forward to urogenital triangle from ischial anal fossa
The greater vestibular gland
Homólogous to the bulbourethral gland (secretes mucous which lubricates vagina during sex)
Perineal body
Located in the center of the prineum between the anal canal and bulb of the penis (or vagina) important attachment point
Layers of urogenital triangle (superficial to deep)
Skin Superficial perineal pouch Superficial perineal fascia Deep perineal fascia Perineal membrane Deep perineal pouch inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm
Prostatic utricle
Tiny blind pouch located on the seminal Colliculus homologus to the uterus of the female
Prostatic urethra
Transports sperm (alkaline and non alkaline semen)
Isthmus of prostate
Lies anterior to the urethra
NO GLANDULAR TISSUE
Matching
Testis = produce sperm
Epididymis = stores sperm
Ductus deferens = carries sperm
Seminal vesicle = alkaline component of semen
Ejaculatory duct = onion of ductus deferens and seminal vesicle
Prostatic gland = produces semen (non alkaline component)
Detrusor muscle
Bundles of smooth muscle which lie within the wall of the bladder
Lateral ligament of the bladder
Passes from the base of the bladder to the rectovesical fold (males) or rectouterine fold (females)
Above pectinate line
Epithelium = columnar or cuboidal Nerve = autonomic fibers Vein = superior rectal Hemorrhoids = Internal Lymph nodes = internal iliac
Below pectinate line
Epithelium = stratified squamous Nerve = pudendal Vein = middle / inferior rectal Hemorrhoids = external Lymph nodes = superficial inguinal
