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AC - Gross 2 > Unit 3 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 3 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What occurs into the potential space between scarpa’s fascia and deep fascia of the abdomen?

A

Extravasaion of urine

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2
Q

Can extravasation of urine spread inferiorly into the thigh?

A

NO, due to the firm adhesion of scarpa’s fascia and the fascia lata

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3
Q

What innervates the external oblique muscle?

A

Anterior primary rami of the Lower 6 thoracic nerves

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4
Q

What is the origin of the internal oblique muscles?

A

Lumbar fascia, iliac crest, and lateral two-thirds of inguinal ligament

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5
Q

Transverus abdominis muscle

A

“Acts as an internal backbone”
Or: lower 6 costal cartilages, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral third of inguinal ligament
In: into línea alba by aponeurosis
Nerve: anterior primary rami of Lower 6 thoracic and first lumbar nerves

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6
Q

Function of the rectus abdominis muscle?

A

Compresses the abdomen, supports abdominal viscera, anterior flexor of the trunk

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7
Q

Anterior layer of the rectus sheath?

A

Composed of the aponeurosis of the external and internal oblique muscles

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8
Q

Median umbilical fold?

A

Extends form the APEX of the bladder and contains the obliterated umbilical artery

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9
Q

Ligamentum Teres?

A

Lies above the umbilicus and contains the obliterated umbilical vein. Free edge of the falciforme ligament, which is attached to the liver

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10
Q

Blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall?

A
  1. Superior epigastric A (from internal thoracic A)
  2. Inferior epigastric A (from external iliac A)
  3. Lumbar A (from Abdominal aorta)
  4. Deep Circumflex iliac A (from external Iliac A)
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11
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

Formed by the lower edge of the external oblique aponeurosis

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12
Q

Conjoint tendon (Inguinal Falx)?

A

Formed by the fusion of the aponeurosis of the internal oblique and trans versus abdominis muscles as they insert into the pubic crest and pecten.

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13
Q

Boundaries of the inguinal canal?

A

Anterior wall - aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle
Posterior wall - conjoint tendon and transversalis fascia
Roof - internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles
Floor - inguinal and lacunar ligaments

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14
Q

Direct inguinal hernia

A

Passes medial to the inferior epigastric vessels, through the inguinal triangle

25% of inguinal hernias

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15
Q

Indirect inguinal hernias

A

Passes through the deep inguinal ring, inguinal canal, and superficial ring

75% of inguinal hernias

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16
Q

Ductus deferens

A

The muscular duct that transports sperm from the epidiymis to the ejaculatory duct

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17
Q

Ilioinguinal Nerve

A

Runs through the inguinal canal and superficial ring accompanying the spermatic cord BUT IS NOT PART OF IT

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18
Q

Layer of the anterior abdominal wall that is continues with the cremasteric fascia and cremaster muscle?

A

Internal oblique muscle

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19
Q

Layer of the scrotum that is continuous with the internal oblique muscle?

A

Cremasteric fascia and cremaster muscle

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20
Q

Two muscles that function in temperature regulation in the scrotum?

A

Dartos (smooth muscle)

Cremaster (skeletal muscle)

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21
Q

Cryptochidism

A

Testes are undescended at birth
3% of full term babies
30% of premies

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22
Q

Ascites (FIB)

A

The accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity

Causes
Malnutrition
CHF
Liver failure
Kidney failure
Peritonitis
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23
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Very sensitive to pain

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24
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Insensitive to pain

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25
Q

Omental bursa

A

Irregular shaped space which lies POSTERIOR to the liver, lesser momentum, and stomach

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26
Q

Right paracolic gutter

A

Longitudinal depression lateral to the ASCENDING colon

R-A

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27
Q

Left paracolic gutter

A

Longitudinal depression lateral tot he DESCENDING colon (L-D)

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28
Q

What structures pass through the porta hepatis?

A

Bile duct
Hepatic Artery
Portal Vein

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29
Q

Blood supply for the midgut

A

Superior mesenteric A

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30
Q

Blood supply for the foregut

A

Celiac trunk

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31
Q

Blood supply for the hind gut?

A

Inferior mesenteric Artery

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32
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the Foregut?

A

Greater splenetic nerves (T5-T9) and Lesser splanchnic nerves (T10-T11)

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33
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the midgut?

A

Greater splanchnic nerves (T5-T9) and lesser splanchnic (T10-T11)

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34
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the hindgut?

A

Lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-L2)

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35
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the foregut?

A

Vagus N.

36
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the midgut?

A

Vagus

37
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the hindgut?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)

38
Q

What makes up the Enteric Nervous System?

A

Submucosal plexus & myenteric Plexus

39
Q

Submucosal plexus?

A

Supply muscularis mucosal and mucus secreting glands

40
Q

Myenteric plexus

A

Supply smooth muscle and stimulate peristalsis

41
Q

Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

A

A tumor like increase in the size of the pyloric sphincter which reduces the size of the pyloric canal… Require surgery

42
Q

Pylorospasm

A

Spasmodic contraction of the pyloric sphincter. Subluxation of T5-T9

43
Q

Gastric ulcer

A

A crater like depression in the mucosa of the stomach

-Secretes a alkaline mucus which is “Sticky”

44
Q

What are the branches of the splenic artery?

A

Pancreatic branches
Short gastric A.
Left gastro-omental A

45
Q

Other name for the ascending (4th) part of the duodenum?

A

Intraperitoneal

46
Q

Blood supply tot he duodenum?

A

Superior pancreaticoduodenal A
Supraduodenal A.
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal A

47
Q

Duodenal ulcer?

A

Erosion of the gastroduodenal A by a perforated duodenal ulcer can result in severe hemmoraging

48
Q

Vas a Recta?

A

Straight terminal branches of the A. That travel through the mesentery to supple small intestines

49
Q

Peyer’s patches?

A

Aggregation of lymphoid tissue found within the walls of the smal intestine

50
Q

Color of the jejunum?

A

Dark red

51
Q

Color of the ileum?

A

Pale pink

52
Q

Ilegal (meckel’s) diverticulum?

A

Remnant portion of the embryonic Vitelli needs duct

  • finger like pouch that projects from the distal ileum
  • *mimics Appendicitis**
53
Q

Crohn’s disease

FIB

A

Inflammatory bowel disease which most commonly affects the distal ileum and adjacent colon.
produces cobblestone radiographic appearance

54
Q

Cecum

A

Blind pouch below the ileso el al junction within the RIGHT iliac fossa

55
Q

Ilegal fold

A

Two flaps which surround the ileal orifice

prevents backflow of feces into the SI

56
Q

Most common position of the appendix

A

Retrocecal

57
Q

Second most common position of the appendix?

A

Pelvic

58
Q

Appendicitis?

A
  • Inflammation of the appendix

- Symptoms are umbilical pain localized to the lower right quadrant

59
Q

4 parts of the colon?

A

Ascending colon = ileocecal junction to right Colic (hepatic) flexure retroperitoneal

Transverse colon = Right colic (hepatic) flexure to the Left colic (Spenic) flexure

Descending colon = Left colic (splenic) flexure to the pelvic brim retroperitoneal

Sigmoid colon = pelvic brim to the front of the sacrum diverticulosis

60
Q

What two parts of the colon are in the retroperitoneal space?

A

Ascending and descending colon

61
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Herniation of the mucosa of the colon through the muscular layer
40+

62
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Severe inflammation and ulceration of the rectum and lower colon

Appears on the radiograph

63
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome

A
  • Spastic Colon

- abnormal muscular contractions of the colon

64
Q

Vasa recta (LI)

A

Straight terminal branches from the marginal A to the LI

65
Q

Bowel infarction

A

Complete occlusion of the intestinal vessel by lipid plaque

66
Q

What forms the inferior mesenteric plexu and hypogastric plexus?

A

Left 1/3 of the transverse colon to the upper part of the anal canal

67
Q

Portal venous system

A

Drains the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, pancreas and gall bladder

NOT THE KIDNEY

68
Q

Tributaries of the Portal vein

A

SLIP-LSS

Short gastric V
Left gastro -omental V
Inferior mesenteric V
Pancreatic veins
Left colic V
Sigmoid V
Superior Rectal V
69
Q

Cirrosis of the liver

A

Characterized by the destruction of hepatic cells and their replacement by fibrous tissue and fat

70
Q

Portal hypertension

A

Abnormal elevation of pressure within the portal system often due to cirrosis of the liver
-Blood backs up in tot he caval system

71
Q

Caput medusa

A

Pronounce snake like veins radiating around umbilicus only present in severe cases

72
Q

What are ALWAYS due to hypertension?

A

Caput medusa and Esophageal Varices

73
Q

Quadrate lobe

A

Lies between the L and R lobes anterior to the porta hepatis

supplied by the Left branches

74
Q

Blood supply to the liver?

A

75-80% portal vein

20-25% hepatic A

75
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A

Stores bile and concentrates it by absorbing water.

-it contracts to expel the bile into the duodenum (initiated by CCK)

76
Q

Hepatopancreatic Ampulla (ampulla if Vater)

A

Formed by the union for he bile duct and the pancreatic duct

77
Q

Gallstones

A

Hard masses formed by the solidification of bile constituents
MOST COMMON @ DISTAL END OF THE HEPATOPANCREATIC AMPULLA

78
Q

Chiropractic note to Gallstones

A

30% of Patients have pain in the Right subscapular region of the back

79
Q

Pancreatic duct

A

Drains the NECK BODY AND TAIL

Empties into the major duodenal papilla

80
Q

Accessory pancreatic duct

A

Drains the HEAD AND UNCINATE PROCESS

** allows pancreatic enzymes to enter the duodenum with gallstones present**

81
Q

What are the 3 subdivisions of the visceral surface of the Spleen?

A

Gastric surface
Colic surface
Renal surface

82
Q

Blood supply for the spleen?

A

Splenic A

Splenic Vein

83
Q

What is derived from the transversalis fascia?

A

Internal spermatic fascia

84
Q

What nerve causes hiccups?

A

Phrenic Nerve in peritonitis

85
Q

What is the abdominal policeman?

And what are its 3 parts

A

Greater momentum

  1. Gastrophrenic lig.
  2. Gastrosplenic lig.
  3. Gastrocolic lig.
86
Q

Two parts of the Lesser omentum?

A

Hepatogastric lig.

Hepatoduodenal Lig.

87
Q

Functions of the liver

A

Bile secretion
Metabolism of proteins, fats & Carbs
Storage of Glycogen, Vit, and iron
Detoxification

AC - Gross 2 (2 decks)

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