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Biology:SBI3UI > Unit 4 Exam Review: Diversity Of Living Things > Flashcards

Unit 4 Exam Review: Diversity Of Living Things Flashcards

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1
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

A branch of science that deals with organizing and classifying life on earth.

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2
Q

What are the 7 taxa groups?

A
  1. Kingdom
  2. Phylum
  3. Class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Genus
  7. Species
    (King Philip Came Over From Germany Swimming)
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3
Q

What is kingdom?

A

Animals: Organisms able to move on their own

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4
Q

What is Phylum?

A

Chordates: Animals with a backbone

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5
Q

What is Class?

A

Mammals: Chordates with fur or hair and milk glands

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6
Q

What is order?

A

Primates: Mammals with collar bones and grasping fingers

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7
Q

What is family?

A

Hominids: Primates with relatively flat faces and three dimensional vision

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8
Q

What is Genus?

A

Homo: Hominids with upright posture and large brains

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9
Q

What is Species?

A

Homo sapiens: Members of the genus Homo with a hightforehead and thin skull bones

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10
Q

Binomial Nomenclature

A

The method of assigning each organism a unique two part scientific name: the genus name and the species names

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11
Q

What is Phylogeny?

A

The history of the evolution of organisms is called phylogeny

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12
Q

What is Species Diversity?

A

The similarities or differences between organisms helps to define each unique species

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13
Q

What is the monera made up of?

A

Archaea and Bacteria

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14
Q

What common characteristics does all bacteria share?

A
  1. All prokaryotic (do not have a membrane bound nucleus or membrane bound organelles)
  2. All single celled
  3. All have a single chromosome
  4. All reproduce asexually through binary fission
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15
Q

What are the 2 main functions of fungi?

A
  1. Absorption of nutrients
  2. Reproduction
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16
Q

What is the outer body layer on an animal?

A

Ectoderm

17
Q

What is the inner layer of an animal?

A

Endoderm

18
Q

What is the middle layer of an animal?

A

Mesoderm

19
Q

What is the middle layer of an animal?

A

Mesoderm

20
Q

How do we classify animals (invertebrates)?

A

Classify by movement, tissues, organs, and organ system

21
Q

Motile

A

Can move
(Jellyfish, worms, insects)

22
Q

Sessile

A

Fixed in place
(Sea sponges)

23
Q

Common characteristics of mammals?

A

Warm blooded
Four limbs
Have hair
Sweat glands
Diaphragm with lungs
Four chambered heart
Air breathing

24
Q

Habitat of archaebacteria?

A

Found in extreme environments on earth. (Hot, acidic, salty, anaerobic -> no ogygen)

25
Q

Eukaryotes (what do they have and where are they found?)

A

Eukaryotes:
- Have a nucleus and membrane bound organelle
- Found in plants, animals, fungi and some single celled organisms

26
Q

Prokaryotes (what do they have and are they smaller or larger than eukaryotes)

A
  • lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
  • includes bacteria and archaea
  • typically smaller and simpler in structure
27
Q

Who invented binomial nomenclature?

A

Carl Linnaeus

28
Q

The lytic cycle?

A
  1. Attachment
    - virus binds to cell membrane receptors. the whole or part of the virus enters the cell’s cytoplasm
  2. Synthesis
    - molecular information contained in the viral DNA or RNA directs the host cell in replicating viral components
  3. Assembly
    - new viruses are assembled
    - copies will infect other cells
  4. Release
    - the new viruses are released from the infected cell, the host cell will rupture
29
Q

The lysogenic cycle

A
  • the virus injects it’s genetic material into the cell, then integrates its DNA into the hosts cells DNA
  • the integrated viral DNA replicates with the hosts cells DNA as the cell divides
  • the virus can then become active and begin the lytic cycle, leading to the production of new viruses
30
Q

Examples of viruses?

A

Ebola
Rabies
HIV
Flu

31
Q

Types of bacteria reproduction

A
  1. Binary fission
    A bacterial cell duplicates it’s DNA and divides into 2 daughter cells
  2. Budding
    A small outgrowth forms on the parent cell, eventually becoming a new daughter cell.
32
Q

Differences between plants and fungi

A
  • plants have one nucleus.
  • fungi have many nuclei per cell
  • plants are mostly autotrophs.
  • fungi are heterotrophs
  • plants have starch storage.
  • fungi have few or no storage molecules
  • plants have roots.
  • fungi has no roots
  • plants have cellulose in cell walls
  • fungi have chitin in cell walls
  • some plants reproduce by seed.
  • fungi has no seed reproduction (use spores)
33
Q

Does viruses fit into the six kingdom classification? Why?

A

No, because they do not display most of the characteristics of living cells. Viruses do not need a host cell to reproduce. Viruses are not considered to be living.

34
Q

Mutation

A

Mutation of viral DNA can lead to new versions of a virus
Can also lead to cross species infection

35
Q

Vaccine treatment

A
  • the body reacts to the vaccine as if it were a real virus and produces antibodies
  • the antibodies stay with us and the body stays immune to that disease
  • allowing for faster response if infected again
36
Q

Characteristics of aquatic mammals

A
  • flippers or webbed feet
  • well developed tales
  • thick layer of blubber (for insulation)
  • blowholes on top of head for adapted breathing (allowing for gas exchange and feed at the same time - separating the digestive and respiratory systems)
  • circulatory systems that have adapted for longer periods of time with low oxygen
37
Q

Plant like protists

A
  • contain chlorophyll
  • preform photosynthesis
  • have some cell walls
  • autotrophic
  • can become heterotrophic if limited sunlight
    (Example - algae)
38
Q

How to cure/prevent bacterial infections

A
  • antibiotics
    they immobilize or destroy bacteria, however antibiotic resistance may occur.

Biology:SBI3UI (6 decks)

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