Unit 4 Exam Review: Diversity Of Living Things

Question 1

What is taxonomy?

Answer 1

A branch of science that deals with organizing and classifying life on earth.

Question 2

What are the 7 taxa groups?

Answer 2

1. Kingdom
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species
   (King Philip Came Over From Germany Swimming)

Question 3

What is kingdom?

Answer 3

Animals: Organisms able to move on their own

Question 4

What is Phylum?

Answer 4

Chordates: Animals with a backbone

Question 5

What is Class?

Answer 5

Mammals: Chordates with fur or hair and milk glands

Question 6

What is order?

Answer 6

Primates: Mammals with collar bones and grasping fingers

Question 7

What is family?

Answer 7

Hominids: Primates with relatively flat faces and three dimensional vision

Question 8

What is Genus?

Answer 8

Homo: Hominids with upright posture and large brains

Question 9

What is Species?

Answer 9

Homo sapiens: Members of the genus Homo with a hightforehead and thin skull bones

Question 10

Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 10

The method of assigning each organism a unique two part scientific name: the genus name and the species names

Question 11

What is Phylogeny?

Answer 11

The history of the evolution of organisms is called phylogeny

Question 12

What is Species Diversity?

Answer 12

The similarities or differences between organisms helps to define each unique species

Question 13

What is the monera made up of?

Answer 13

Archaea and Bacteria

Question 14

What common characteristics does all bacteria share?

Answer 14

1. All prokaryotic (do not have a membrane bound nucleus or membrane bound organelles)
2. All single celled
3. All have a single chromosome
4. All reproduce asexually through binary fission

Question 15

What are the 2 main functions of fungi?

Answer 15

1. Absorption of nutrients
2. Reproduction

Question 16

What is the outer body layer on an animal?

Answer 16

Ectoderm

Question 17

What is the inner layer of an animal?

Answer 17

Endoderm

Question 18

What is the middle layer of an animal?

Answer 18

Mesoderm

Question 19

What is the middle layer of an animal?

Answer 19

Mesoderm

Question 20

How do we classify animals (invertebrates)?

Answer 20

Classify by movement, tissues, organs, and organ system

Question 21

Motile

Answer 21

Can move
(Jellyfish, worms, insects)

Question 22

Sessile

Answer 22

Fixed in place
(Sea sponges)

Question 23

Common characteristics of mammals?

Answer 23

Warm blooded
Four limbs
Have hair
Sweat glands
Diaphragm with lungs
Four chambered heart
Air breathing

Question 24

Habitat of archaebacteria?

Answer 24

Found in extreme environments on earth. (Hot, acidic, salty, anaerobic -> no ogygen)

Question 25

Eukaryotes (what do they have and where are they found?)

Answer 25

Eukaryotes: - Have a nucleus and membrane bound organelle - Found in plants, animals, fungi and some single celled organisms

Question 26

Prokaryotes (what do they have and are they smaller or larger than eukaryotes)

Answer 26

- lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles - includes bacteria and archaea - typically smaller and simpler in structure

Question 27

Who invented binomial nomenclature?

Answer 27

Carl Linnaeus

Question 28

The lytic cycle?

Answer 28

1. Attachment - virus binds to cell membrane receptors. the whole or part of the virus enters the cell’s cytoplasm 2. Synthesis - molecular information contained in the viral DNA or RNA directs the host cell in replicating viral components 3. Assembly - new viruses are assembled - copies will infect other cells 4. Release - the new viruses are released from the infected cell, the host cell will rupture

Question 29

The lysogenic cycle

Answer 29

- the virus injects it’s genetic material into the cell, then integrates its DNA into the hosts cells DNA - the integrated viral DNA replicates with the hosts cells DNA as the cell divides - the virus can then become active and begin the lytic cycle, leading to the production of new viruses

Question 30

Examples of viruses?

Answer 30

Ebola Rabies HIV Flu

Question 31

Types of bacteria reproduction

Answer 31

1. Binary fission A bacterial cell duplicates it’s DNA and divides into 2 daughter cells 2. Budding A small outgrowth forms on the parent cell, eventually becoming a new daughter cell.

Question 32

Differences between plants and fungi

Answer 32

- plants have one nucleus. - fungi have many nuclei per cell - plants are mostly autotrophs. - fungi are heterotrophs - plants have starch storage. - fungi have few or no storage molecules - plants have roots. - fungi has no roots - plants have cellulose in cell walls - fungi have chitin in cell walls - some plants reproduce by seed. - fungi has no seed reproduction (use spores)

Question 33

Does viruses fit into the six kingdom classification? Why?

Answer 33

No, because they do not display most of the characteristics of living cells. Viruses do not need a host cell to reproduce. Viruses are not considered to be living.

Question 34

Mutation

Answer 34

Mutation of viral DNA can lead to new versions of a virus Can also lead to cross species infection

Question 35

Vaccine treatment

Answer 35

- the body reacts to the vaccine as if it were a real virus and produces antibodies - the antibodies stay with us and the body stays immune to that disease - allowing for faster response if infected again

Question 36

Characteristics of aquatic mammals

Answer 36

- flippers or webbed feet - well developed tales - thick layer of blubber (for insulation) - blowholes on top of head for adapted breathing (allowing for gas exchange and feed at the same time - separating the digestive and respiratory systems) - circulatory systems that have adapted for longer periods of time with low oxygen

Question 37

Plant like protists

Answer 37

- contain chlorophyll - preform photosynthesis - have some cell walls - autotrophic - can become heterotrophic if limited sunlight (Example - algae)

Question 38

How to cure/prevent bacterial infections

Answer 38

- antibiotics they immobilize or destroy bacteria, however antibiotic resistance may occur.