Digestion Flashcards
What is a physical digestion and where does it happen in the body?
Physical breakdown of food without changing its chemical composition. Mouth-chewing
Stomach-churning and mixing to make chyme
What is chemical digestion and where does it happen in the body?
Chemical digestion is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones. Mouth-salivary amylase breaks down starches into disscharides. Stomach- pepsin breaks down the proteins into smaller pepsins. Small intestine- further breaks down carbohydrates,proteins,and fats into their original molecules which can be absorbed by the intestinal lining
What are all the macro nutrients?
Proteins,carbohydrates,lipids,Nuclear acids
Explain carbohydrates, the breakdown and food sources
Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Primary energy source for humans. They are broken down into glucose molecules through digestion. Mouth-salivary amylase and small intestine receives enzymes from pancreas to break down the carbohydrates so they can enter our blood stream. Food sources-plant based(grains,veggies,fruits,legumes)
Explain proteins , the breakdown and food sources
Proteins are amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. In the stomach enzyme pepsins break down these bonds back to their original state (singular amino acids). Food sources-fish,poultry,meat,legumes,seeds
Explain lipids, the breakdown and food sources
Fats are composed fatty acids and glyercol. Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol through digestion.bile salts increase the surface area preparing for action with the pancreatic lipase to break them down so they can enter the blood stream. Food sources-oils,butter,fish,nuts,avacado
What are enzymes
Tiny biological machines that speed up chemical reactions
Amylase- what is it’s function,where they are secreted, and is it inactive or active
Function-breaks down carbohydrates Secretion-produced in salivary glands and pancreas. Always active.
Pepsin- what is it’s function,where they are secreted, and is it inactive or active
Function-breaks down proteins into smaller peptides Secretion-produced in stomach Only active once comes in contact with hydrochloride acid in stomach
Trypsin-what is it’s function,where they are secreted, and is it inactive or active
Function-breaks down proteins into smaller peptides Secretion-produced in pancreas and released into the small intestine activated once comes into contact with an enzyme called trypysinogen
Lipase- what is it’s function,where they are secreted, and is it inactive or active
Function- breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol Secretion- Produced in Pancrease I’m released in the small intestine. Active once it reaches the small intestine
Why are some enzymes inactive?
Prevention of self digestion, protect pion of digestive organs, preventing premature digestion
4 phases of digestion
(IDAE) Ingestion-chewing and breakdown of carbohydrates. Digestion- Stomach digest food through turning and mixing actions, chemical digestion breaks complex molecules into simpler forms. Absorption-Small molecules are absorbed Into digestive lining into the bloodstream. Excretion- Elimination of waste products from the body
What is the pathway food takes as it goes through the digestive system ( with proteins carbohydrates and lipids)
Eat food containing proteins carbohydrates and lipids. Proteins-Chewing starts to break down and in the stomach pepsin’s break proteins into smaller pieces. Carbohydrates-Chewing and saliva break down carbohydrates and sugars. In the small intestine enzymes further break them down. Lipids- Lipase breaks down Fats Into fatty acids and glycerol. They are all Then absorbed into the small intestine. And all end up as waste. 
The movement of food through the digestive system
Food is chewed a mix for the slime it’s a form bolus. the bolus Move down the esophagus with a muscular contraction. When it enters the stomach it is turned into chyme. It moves into the small intestine were absorption of nutrients occurs. When it enters the large intestine water is absorbed in the remaining material forms faeces. Faeces are stored in the rectum until they’re ready to come out. 
What does the liver do?
The liver produces bile and detoxifies harmful substances from the blood and stores vitamins and minerals.
What does the gallbladder do?
The gallbladder is a small organ that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. It releases bile into the small intestine. 
What does the pancreas do?
It releases enzymes breaking down food into smaller molecules. Pancreas produces insulin and hormones that regulate blood sugar levels and energy metabolism. 
What are gallstones?
Hardened deposits That form in the gallbladder. Gall stones block bile ducts. Causing pain nausea vomiting and jaundice. 
What is pancreatic cancer?
Caused from smoking obesity or genetic syndromes.Causes abdominal pain, loss of appetite, jaundice.
How does the small intestine deal with acids coming into it
First bicarbonate makes it less acidic. It comes from the pancreas and helps balance of acids. Then you get forms of slimy layer That covers the inside of the Intestine keeping it safe from stomach acid
What are the three parts of the large intestine (in order)
Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon.
Three parts of the small intestine
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Roll of Villi and micro villi
small projections that cover the inner lining of the small intestine. Micro villi are tiny hairs that help villi absorb nutrients. The micro villi contains enzymes 2 help break down molecules into even smaller pieces. 
