Unit 4 Exam Review Flashcards
Primary level of industry
Those that harvest or extract raw material from nature
Secondary level of industry
Converts raw material into products for consumers
Tertiary level of industry
Provides services to consumers and other organizations
Quaternary level of industry
Information-based or knowledge-oriented products and services
Underground mining
Used to extract ore from below the surface
Open pit mining
Often used to extract gold, silver, and copper
Surface mining
Often extracts minerals, like, coal, iron, and bauxite
Strip mining
When land is cleared of vegetetation and rocks before digging
Advantages
Mined minerals are needed to consruct roads and hospitals, to build automobiles and houses, to make computers and satellites, to generate electricity, and providing many other goods and services
Disadvantages
Mining can cause erosion, sinkholes, loss of biodiversity, or the contamination of soil, groundwater, and surface water by chemicals emmited through mining processes. They also affect the atmosphere through carbon emmisions, affecting climate change
Sustainability
These practices include measures such as reducing water and energy consumption, minimizing land disturbance, and waste production , preventing soil, water, and air pollution at mine sites, and conducting successful mine closure
The echo effect
One type of audio effect based on delaying a signal over time
Clear cutting
Loggers remove every tree and leave barren landscape, when replanted, the new forest grows uniformly in shape and size
Strip cutting
This form of clear cutting is done in strips, smaller sections of forest are cut in long lines or checkerboard patches
Shelterwood/Selective cutting
Involves clear cutting only part of an old growth forest, small groups of seed bearing trees are left so the area will regenerate, only mature trees of desired size, type, or quality
What are some technological advancements in agriculture?
Precision agriculture, sensors, automation, artificial intelligence, driverless tractors
Class 1 land
No significant limitations to crops
Class 2 land
Moderate limitations that require good conservation practices
Class 3 land
Severe limitations to crops
Intensive farming
Common in densely populated areas, therefore the land value is high. Farmers need to produce high profits per hectare, includes perishable items that need to get to market quickly, ex. veggies, fruits, dairy, meats
Extensive farming
Common in the prairies where the land value is lower, usually includes a mixture of cattle ranching, grain, and oil seeds
Urban sprawl
The rapid expansion of the geographic extent of cities and towns
Commercial fishing
The taking of fish and other seafood and resources from oceans, rivers, and lakes for the purpose of marketing them
Recreational fishing
Fishing for leisure, exercise, or competition
