Unit 4 Exam Review Flashcards
Primary level of industry
Those that harvest or extract raw material from nature
Secondary level of industry
Converts raw material into products for consumers
Tertiary level of industry
Provides services to consumers and other organizations
Quaternary level of industry
Information-based or knowledge-oriented products and services
Underground mining
Used to extract ore from below the surface
Open pit mining
Often used to extract gold, silver, and copper
Surface mining
Often extracts minerals, like, coal, iron, and bauxite
Strip mining
When land is cleared of vegetetation and rocks before digging
Advantages
Mined minerals are needed to consruct roads and hospitals, to build automobiles and houses, to make computers and satellites, to generate electricity, and providing many other goods and services
Disadvantages
Mining can cause erosion, sinkholes, loss of biodiversity, or the contamination of soil, groundwater, and surface water by chemicals emmited through mining processes. They also affect the atmosphere through carbon emmisions, affecting climate change
Sustainability
These practices include measures such as reducing water and energy consumption, minimizing land disturbance, and waste production , preventing soil, water, and air pollution at mine sites, and conducting successful mine closure
The echo effect
One type of audio effect based on delaying a signal over time
Clear cutting
Loggers remove every tree and leave barren landscape, when replanted, the new forest grows uniformly in shape and size
Strip cutting
This form of clear cutting is done in strips, smaller sections of forest are cut in long lines or checkerboard patches
Shelterwood/Selective cutting
Involves clear cutting only part of an old growth forest, small groups of seed bearing trees are left so the area will regenerate, only mature trees of desired size, type, or quality
What are some technological advancements in agriculture?
Precision agriculture, sensors, automation, artificial intelligence, driverless tractors
Class 1 land
No significant limitations to crops
Class 2 land
Moderate limitations that require good conservation practices
Class 3 land
Severe limitations to crops
Intensive farming
Common in densely populated areas, therefore the land value is high. Farmers need to produce high profits per hectare, includes perishable items that need to get to market quickly, ex. veggies, fruits, dairy, meats
Extensive farming
Common in the prairies where the land value is lower, usually includes a mixture of cattle ranching, grain, and oil seeds
Urban sprawl
The rapid expansion of the geographic extent of cities and towns
Commercial fishing
The taking of fish and other seafood and resources from oceans, rivers, and lakes for the purpose of marketing them
Recreational fishing
Fishing for leisure, exercise, or competition
Subsistence fishing
Primarily to feed the family and relatives of the person doing the fishing
Moratorium
A temporary prohibitation of an activity or a legal authorization to debtors to postpone payement
Reasons for the fishery collapse of the east coast
Overfishing, improved fishing technology, uncontrolled foreign fishing, destructive fishing practices, changes in natural conditions
Reasons for the fishery collapse of the west coast
Overfishing, changes in the enviroment, lack of salmon treaty
Good location factors for manufacturing
Competition, big citys, good soil, rent cost
Factors affecting location of industries
Availability of raw material, land, water, labour, power, capital, transport, market
What are Canadas top 5 exports?
Crude oil, cars, gold, processed petrolium oil, car parts and accessories
What are Canadas top 3 destinations for the exports?
USA, China, Japan
What is Canada most famous for producing?
Maple syrup
How has technology played a role in natural resources? (good)
Technology advancement can help countries consume fewer resources and carbon emissions, leading to enviromental protection and waste generation reduction
How has technology played a role in natural resources? (bad)
Two main ways; pollution and the depletion of natural resources
What is a renewable resource?
A resource that can be replenished naturally over time ex. trees
What is a non-renewable resource?
A resource that is used up more quickly than it can replace itself. ex. oil
What is a flow resource?
A resource that is stimultaneously used and replaced. ex. running water
Where is foresty most common?
British columbia
Where are oil sands most common?
Alberta
Where is fishing most common?
Nova scotia
Where is mining most common?
Quebec
Where is agriculture most common?
Saskatchewan
Where is hydroelecticity most common?
Quebec
