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HPU Anatomy > Unit 4 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 4 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Borders of Posterior Triangle of Neck

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Clavicle

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2
Q

Borders of Anterior Triangle of Neck

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Midline of neck
Lower border of mandible

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3
Q

What cutaneous branches of the Cervical Plexus emerge from Erb’s Point?

A

Lesser Occipital n.
Great Auricular n.
Transverse cervical n.
Supraclavicular nn.

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4
Q

Which cranial nerve begins outside of the skull at the spinal cord instead of the brain?

A

Spinal Accessory n. (CN XI)

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5
Q

What muscles make up the floor of the posterior triangle?

A

Scalenes, levator scapulae, splenius mm.

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6
Q

What makes up the floor of the anterior triangle?

A

Vertebrae (medially) and Longus Colli (laterally)

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7
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles innervated by?

A

branches of Ansa Cervicalis

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8
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles innervated by?

A

Cranial Nerves:
Trigeminal (V), Facial (VII), & Hypoglossal (XII)

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9
Q

Infrahyoid muscles are also referred to as…

A

“rectus cervicis” or “strap muscles”

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10
Q

What are the prevertebral muscles?

A

Longus Colli & Capitis
Deep to gut tube structures in the anterior triangle, these muscles hug the vertebral bodies

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11
Q

What is Thyroid gland innervated by? Whats its function?

A

Vagus n. (parasympathetic)
Cervical Sympathetic Ganglia (sympathetic)
-Releases hormones into the blood to regulate metabolism, growth & development

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12
Q

What is contained within the Carotid Sheath?

A

Vagus n.
Carotid a. & internal carotid a.
Internal Jugular v.
Glossopharyngeal n. (briefly)
Spinal accessory n. (very briefly)

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13
Q

Where is the Carotid Sheath located? What are landmarks surrounding?

A

Its a facial sleeve deep to sternocleidomastoid.

Sympathetic trunk is just posterior to it
Ansa Cervicalis is just anterior
Phrenic n. is posterior/lateral

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14
Q

What is purpose of Ansa Cervicalis?

A

To innervate the Strap Muscles
C1 supplies upper portion of loop
C2 supplies lower portion of loop

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15
Q

How do Spinal Accessory n., Phrenic n., and Brachial plexus relate to the Cervical Plexus?

A

-Spinal Accessory receives communicating branches from C2-C4
-Phrenic emerges from C3-C5
-Brachial plexus begins at C5

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16
Q

What muscles are in the suboccipital triangle?

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Obliquus Capitis Superior
Obliquus Capitis Inferior

*all epaxial

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17
Q

What two structures lie on superior surface of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Vertebral a.
C1 Spinal n.

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18
Q

What three arteries travel from the neck all the way to the head?

A

Common Carotid a.
Vertebral a.
Deep Cervical a.

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19
Q

List the 8 important branches that come off of External Carotid a.

A

Superior Thyroid a.
Ascending Pharyngeal a.
Lingual a.
Facial a.
Occipital a.
Posterior Auricular a.
Maxillary a.
Superficial Temporal a.

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20
Q

The neural tube forms what 3 distinct regions of the brain?

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

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21
Q

What are the specialized pocked of gut tube in the head?

A

Oral Cavity
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Inner Ear

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22
Q

What special senses are housed within gut tube pockets?

A

Olfaction
Hearing/balance
Taste

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23
Q

What are the four important cranial nerves that come from the branchial arches?

A

Trigeminal (V)
Facial (VII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)

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24
Q

What is the chondrocranium?

A

derived from notocord, its like an extension of vertebral column that cups & supports the neural tube

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25
Q

What is the splanchnocranium?

A

derived from gill bars, its suspended from the chondrocranium and is the skeletal component of the gut tube

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26
Q

What is the dermatocranium?

A

derived from neural crest & skin, it shields the neural tube & provides opening of gut tube

*also ends up taking some responsibility from splanchnocranium

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27
Q

Pharyngeal Arch Muscles

A

derived from Branchial arches
specialized gut tube muscles innervated by the branchial arch feeding nerves
(CN V, CN VII, CN IX, CN X)

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28
Q

Occipital Somite Muscles

A

derived from cranial-most somites
innervated by MOTOR-only cranial nerves from back end of brainstem

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29
Q

Preotic Myotome Muscles

A

Extraocular muscles innervated by MOTOR-only cranial nerves from in & around the midbrain

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30
Q

Cranial Nerve I

A

Olfactory n.
Exits Cribiform Plate
Sensory (smell)

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31
Q

Cranial Nerve II

A

Optic n.
Exits Optic Canal
Sensory (vision)

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32
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

Occulomotor n.
Exits Superior Orbital Fissure
Motor: External Orbital
Parasympathetic: intrinsic eye m.

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33
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

A

Trochelar n.
Exits Superior Orbital Fissure
Motor (Superior oblique m.)

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34
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A

Trigeminal n.
Exits Meckles cave
Motor & Sensory (Feeding)

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35
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A

Abducens n.
Exits Superior Orbital Fissure
Motor (Lateral Rectus)

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36
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial n.
Exits Internal Acoustic Meatus
Motor: facial expression
Sensory: outer ear & taste anterior 2/3 tongue
Parasympathetic: lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands

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37
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear n.
Exits Internal Acoustic Meatus
Sensory (Hearing & Balance)

38
Q

Cranial Nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal n.
Exits Jugular Foramen
Motor: stylopharyngeus
Sensory: posterior 1/3 tongue, carotid body, pharynx, baroreceptors
Parasympathetic: parotid gland

39
Q

Cranial Nerve X

A

Vagus n.
Exits Jugular Foramen
Motor: pharyngeal & laryngeal m
Sensory: larynx, aortic body, baroreceptors, taste to epiglottis
Parasympathetic: thoracic & abdominal viscera

40
Q

Cranial Nerve XI

A

Accessory n.
Exits Jugular Foramen (after foramen magnum)
Motor (Neck Muscles)

41
Q

Cranial Nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal N.
Exits Hypoglossal canal
Motor (Tongue Muscles)

42
Q

What do the 4 Feeding Nerves have in common?

A

-All derived from branchial arches
-Have both motor & sensory fibers
-Directly supply or have pathways for parasympathetic innervation
-Offer pathways for sympathetics in head/neck
-Involved in sensation(texture/taste) on tongue & epiglottis

43
Q

What branches of facial nerve stay in the skull?

A

Greater petrosal n. (nerve of pterygoid canal)
Chorda tympani
N. to Stapedius

44
Q

What branches of Facial nerve exit the skull? Hint: after the stylomastoid foramen

A

Nerves of Ansa Facialis & face
Posterior Auricular n.
N. to stylohyoid
N. to posterior belly of digastric

45
Q

What structures pass through Jugular Foramen?

A

Glossopharyngeal n.
Vagus n.
Accessory n.
Internal Jugular v.

46
Q

What region of the tongue does Glossopharyngeal supply?

A

Taste AND General sensation of posterior 1/3 of tongue

47
Q

What region of the tongue does Facial supply?

A

Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

48
Q

What region of tongue does Trigeminal supply?

A

Sensation from anterior 2/3 of tongue

49
Q

Aortic Arches

A

Glossopharyngeal (3rd arch) becomes common carotid
Vagus (4th arch) becomes the Arch of the Aorta

50
Q

Trigeminals Divisions

A

Ophthalmic (V1) = Sensory
Maxillary (V2) = Sensory
Mandibular (V3) = Sensory & Motor

51
Q

What nerve carries all of the post-synaptic autonomics in the head?

A

Trigeminal

52
Q

Meninges are supplied by these 3 arteries:

A

Vertebral
External Carotid
Internal Carotid

53
Q

Branches of Vertebral Artery

A

Posterior cerebral a.
Posterior Communicating a.
Superior Cerebellar a.
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar a.
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar a.
Basilar a.

54
Q

4 Parts of Internal Carotid a.

A

Cervical
Petrous
Cavernous
Cerebral

55
Q

Diploic and emissary veins drain what?

A

Drain venous blood out from cranial vault and to the face & scalp

*a way infection can spread

56
Q

Arteries of Face & Scalp

A

Facial
Maxillary
Superficial Temporal
Posterior Auricular
Occipital

(sometimes Ophthalmic a. too)

57
Q

What are the bones of the chondrocranium?

A

Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Temporal (petrous portion)
Occipital

58
Q

3 Concave regions in the chondrocranium

A

anterior fossa
middle fossa
posterior fossa

59
Q

Anterior Cranial Fossa is formed by

A

frontal bone
ethmoid bone
lesser wing of sphenoid

*landmarks to note = cribiform plate & crista galli

60
Q

Middle Cranial Fossa is formed by

A

body & greater wing of sphenoid
squamous & part of petrous temporal bone

*landmarks to note= Sella turcica

61
Q

What passes through Optic Canal?

A

Optic n.
Ophthalmic a.

62
Q

What passes through Superior Orbital Fissure?

A

Occulomotor n.
Trochlear nn.
Opthalmic division (V1) of Trigeminal
Abducens n.
Superior ophthalmic v.

63
Q

What passes through Foramen Rotundum?

A

Maxillary division (V2) of Trigeminal

64
Q

What passes through Foramen Ovale?

A

Mandibular division (V3) of Trigeminal
Lesser Petrosal n. (from glossopharyngeal)

65
Q

What passes through Foramen Spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal a. (from Maxillary a.)

66
Q

What passes through Foramen Lacerum?

A

Greater petrosal n. (from facial n)

67
Q

Posterior Cranial Fossa is formed by

A

Occipital and Temporal

68
Q

What passes through Internal Acoustic meatus?

A

Facial n.
Vestibulocochlear n.

69
Q

What passes through Hypoglossal canal?

A

Hypoglossal n

70
Q

What passes through Foramen Magnum?

A

Spinal Cord
Accessory n.

71
Q

What bones make up the Orbit?

A

Frontal
Greater wing of sphenoid
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Ethmoid
Palatine

72
Q

Autonomics to Glands

A

Parasympathetic stimulates secretions
Sympathetics inhibit

73
Q

Branchial Arch skeletal structures

A

bones of middle ear
bony & cartilaginous components of larynx

74
Q

Bones of nasal cavity

A

vomer
ethmoid
sphenoid
frontal
nasal
maxilla
palatine

75
Q

Cranial Nerve V.1

A

Ophthalmic Division
Exits superior orbital fissure
Sensory: upper face & nose

76
Q

Cranial Nerve V.2

A

Maxillary Division
Exits Foramen Rotundum
Sensory: midface

77
Q

Cranial Nerve V.3

A

Mandibular Division
Exits Foramen Ovale
Sensory: lateral face & chin
Motor: muscles of mastication & pharyngeal arch

78
Q

Telencephalon (Forebrain)

A

Cerebrum

-Cerebral Cortex
-Basal Ganglia
-Hippocampus
-Amygdala
-Rhinencephalon

79
Q

Diencephalon (Forebrain)

A

Diencephalon

-Thalamus
-Epithalamus
-Hypothalamus
-Pituitary Gland

80
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain

-Tegmentum & Cerebral Peduncles
-Tectum & Corpora Quadrigemina

81
Q

Metencephalon (Hindbrain)

A

Cerebellum & Pons

82
Q

Myelencephalon (Hindbrain)

A

Medulla

-Olive
-Pyramid

83
Q

Structures in the Limbic System and Telencephalon

A

Amygdala
Hippocampus
Basal Ganglia

84
Q

Structures in Limbic System but NOT in Telencephalon

A

Hypothalamus and Thalamus

85
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

major junction where two hemispheres of brain communicate with one another

86
Q

Anterior Commissure

A

junction that links the two amygdala

87
Q

Posterior Commissure

A

junction that links the two brain regions that are largely responsible for pupillary reflex

88
Q

Tegmentum

A

anterior part of midbrain
-cerebral peduncle

89
Q

Tectum

A

posterior part of midbrain
-Corpora Quadrigemina

90
Q

Superior Colliculus

A

concerned with visual reflexes

91
Q

Inferior Colliculus

A

concerned with auditory reflexes

HPU Anatomy (3 decks)

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