Unit 4 - Ethical Theories: Virtue and Justice Flashcards
________ insists that our ethical response must begin in personal relationship.
Ethics of Care
The ___________ focuses on a set of character traits that are deeply valued in close personal relationships – sympathy, compassion, fidelity, love, friendship, etc.
Ethics of Care
Virtue is the mean between too much and too little. This gives us a 3-part view of ethics in which the ideal is moderation, rather than a 2-part “black and white” view of ethics.
Doctrine of the Mean
For money or any good, the amount of utility we gain from each additional unit decreases as the total amount we have increases.
Diminishing Marginal Utility
___________ means that wealth can promote utility more when it is used to satisfy the basic needs of the poor rather than pad the surplus of the rich.
Diminishing Marginal Utility
Libertarians and conservatives, who have a view of justice that is focused on the Free Market, Merit, and Negative Rights.
Right wing justice
Welfare liberals and socialists, have a view of justice that is focused on the concepts of Equality, Need, and Positive Rights
Left wing justice
The concepts and values that define individual responsibilities and role behaviour (personal or role morality).
Micro ethics
The principles that govern or should govern our overall system (politics, law, and distributive justice).
Macro ethics
__________ specify certain things that no person or state can do to an individual, regardless of social utility.
Negative rights
Someone else (e.g. the government, the taxpayer) has an obligation to provide you with the thing you have a right to.
Positive rights
The right to welfare, the right to an education, and the right to health care are all examples of ________
Positive rights
The right to life, liberty, and property are all ________
Negative rights
____ are a justified claim on the part of one person or group against some other person, group, or society.
Rights
_____ are qualities of character or personality that are useful or admirable both for the person who has them and for others.
Virtues
