UNIT 4 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION IN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT Flashcards
is defined as “leadership demonstrating and promoting ‘normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relations’.
Ethical leadership
is defined as putting people into management and leadership positions who will promote and be an example of appropriate, ethical conduct in their actions and relationships in the workplace.
ethical leadership
discernment as a synonym for
“decide”
is to see beyond the mere external dimensions of something, and to probe to its deeper significance.
The goal of discernment
indicates that people are obligated to inform themselves about ethical norms, incorporate that knowledge into their daily lives, act according to that knowledge, and take responsibility for those actions.
Principle of Well-Formed Conscience
Strategies of Moral Decision Making Process
- Establish the facts in a situation.
- Decide whether the situation involves legal or ethical issues
- Identify your options and possible consequences
- Evaluate your options
- Choose the best option
- Implement your decision
Ask yourself the following questions.
What has happened or what is happening?
When and where did certain events occur?
Who is (or might be) involved in or concerned by the situation?
What do the parties involved have to say about the situation?
- Establish the facts in a situation.
Has anyone been harmed by the action or decision of another, and if so, in what way?
Does the action or the situation contravene an existing law?
Was there a breach of contract?
- Decide whether the situation involves legal or ethical issues
What could I do in this situation?
- Identify your options and possible consequences
Assess the pros and cons of your options.
- Evaluate your options
Ensure that the decisions he/she makes and the actions he/she takes do not result in harm, physical and other.
- Choose the best option
Consider the following as you establish an action plan.
Choose your path
Think about what may happen
Identify who needs to know.
Determine if you can deal on your own with the persons involved
Warn, don’t threaten.
think about what you might do next if the chosen plan of action doesn’t work.
- Implement your decision
is a problem in the decision-making process between two possible options, neither of which is absolutely acceptable from an ethical perspective.
An ethical dilemma (ethical paradox or moral dilemma)
are extremely complicated challenges that cannot be easily solved. Therefore, the ability to find the optimal solution in such situations is critical to everyone.
ethical dilemmas
Approaches to Solve an Ethical Dilemma
The following approaches to solve an ethical dilemma were deduced:
- Refute the paradox (dilemma):
- Value theory approach:
- Find alternative solutions:
The situation must be carefully analyzed. In some cases, the existence of the dilemma can be logically refuted.
- Refute the paradox (dilemma):
Choose the alternative that offers the greater good or the lesser evil.
- Value theory approach:
In some cases, the problem can be reconsidered, and new alternative solutions may arise.
- Find alternative solutions:
is the process of assigning and managing assets in a manner that supports an organization’s strategic goals.
Resource allocation
Includes managing tangible assets such as hardware to make the best use of softer assets such as human capital.
Resource allocation
“the timely use of personal health services to achieve the best outcomes.”
Access to health services
Access to health services means “the timely use of personal health services to achieve the best outcomes.” It requires 3 distinct steps:
- Gaining entry into the health care system (usually through insurance coverage)
- Accessing a location where needed health care services are provided (geographic availability)
- Finding a heath care provider whom the patient trusts and can communicate with (personal relationship)
Issues Involving Access to Care
Barriers to health services include:
High cost of care
Inadequate or no insurance coverage
Lack of availability of services
Lack of culturally competent care
These barriers to accessing health services lead to:
Unmet health needs
Delays in receiving appropriate care
Inability to get preventive services
Financial burdens
Preventable hospitalizations
Access to care often varies based on race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, sex, disability status, sexual orientation, gender identity, and residential location
