UNIT 4 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION IN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

Question 1

is defined as “leadership demonstrating and promoting ‘normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relations’.

Answer 1

Ethical leadership

Question 2

is defined as putting people into management and leadership positions who will promote and be an example of appropriate, ethical conduct in their actions and relationships in the workplace.

Answer 2

ethical leadership

Question 3

discernment as a synonym for

Answer 3

“decide”

Question 4

is to see beyond the mere external dimensions of something, and to probe to its deeper significance.

Answer 4

The goal of discernment

Question 5

indicates that people are obligated to inform themselves about ethical norms, incorporate that knowledge into their daily lives, act according to that knowledge, and take responsibility for those actions.

Answer 5

Principle of Well-Formed Conscience

Question 6

Strategies of Moral Decision Making Process

Answer 6

1. Establish the facts in a situation.
2. Decide whether the situation involves legal or ethical issues
3. Identify your options and possible consequences
4. Evaluate your options
5. Choose the best option
6. Implement your decision

Question 7

 Ask yourself the following questions.
 What has happened or what is happening?
 When and where did certain events occur?
 Who is (or might be) involved in or concerned by the situation?
 What do the parties involved have to say about the situation?

Answer 7

1. Establish the facts in a situation.

Question 8

 Has anyone been harmed by the action or decision of another, and if so, in what way?
 Does the action or the situation contravene an existing law?
 Was there a breach of contract?

Answer 8

2. Decide whether the situation involves legal or ethical issues

Question 9

 What could I do in this situation?

Answer 9

3. Identify your options and possible consequences

Question 10

 Assess the pros and cons of your options.

Answer 10

4. Evaluate your options

Question 11

 Ensure that the decisions he/she makes and the actions he/she takes do not result in harm, physical and other.

Answer 11

5. Choose the best option

Question 12

 Consider the following as you establish an action plan.
 Choose your path
 Think about what may happen
 Identify who needs to know.
 Determine if you can deal on your own with the persons involved
 Warn, don’t threaten.
 think about what you might do next if the chosen plan of action doesn’t work.

Answer 12

6. Implement your decision

Question 13

is a problem in the decision-making process between two possible options, neither of which is absolutely acceptable from an ethical perspective.

Answer 13

An ethical dilemma (ethical paradox or moral dilemma)

Question 14

are extremely complicated challenges that cannot be easily solved. Therefore, the ability to find the optimal solution in such situations is critical to everyone.

Answer 14

ethical dilemmas

Question 15

Approaches to Solve an Ethical Dilemma
The following approaches to solve an ethical dilemma were deduced:

Answer 15

1. Refute the paradox (dilemma):
2. Value theory approach:
3. Find alternative solutions:

Question 16

The situation must be carefully analyzed. In some cases, the existence of the dilemma can be logically refuted.

Answer 16

1. Refute the paradox (dilemma):

Question 17

Choose the alternative that offers the greater good or the lesser evil.

Answer 17

2. Value theory approach:

Question 18

In some cases, the problem can be reconsidered, and new alternative solutions may arise.

Answer 18

3. Find alternative solutions:

Question 19

is the process of assigning and managing assets in a manner that supports an organization’s strategic goals.

Answer 19

Resource allocation

Question 20

Includes managing tangible assets such as hardware to make the best use of softer assets such as human capital.

Answer 20

Resource allocation

Question 21

“the timely use of personal health services to achieve the best outcomes.”

Answer 21

Access to health services

Question 22

Access to health services means “the timely use of personal health services to achieve the best outcomes.” It requires 3 distinct steps:

Answer 22

1. Gaining entry into the health care system (usually through insurance coverage)
2. Accessing a location where needed health care services are provided (geographic availability)
3. Finding a heath care provider whom the patient trusts and can communicate with (personal relationship)

Question 23

Issues Involving Access to Care
Barriers to health services include:

Answer 23

 High cost of care
 Inadequate or no insurance coverage
 Lack of availability of services
 Lack of culturally competent care

Question 24

These barriers to accessing health services lead to:

Answer 24

 Unmet health needs
 Delays in receiving appropriate care
 Inability to get preventive services
 Financial burdens
 Preventable hospitalizations
 Access to care often varies based on race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, sex, disability status, sexual orientation, gender identity, and residential location