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GCSE Business Studies AQA > Unit 4: Employees & Production > Flashcards

Unit 4: Employees & Production Flashcards

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1
Q

Why might a business need a new employee?

A
  • More staff, higher demand.
  • Skills required.
  • Expanding the business.
  • Employees leave.
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2
Q

Definition: Employer

A

The business that employs a worker.

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3
Q

Definition: Employee

A

Anyone who works for a business or organisation.

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4
Q

Definition: Recruitment

A

The process of finding and appointing new employees.

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5
Q

Advantages of full time employees?

A
  • Loyalty.
  • Consistancy.
  • Easier communication, there all the time.
  • Better relationship.
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6
Q

Advantages of part time employess?

A
  • Cheaper in total.
  • More workers = variety of skills.
  • More flexibility, more employees working at peak and busy times.
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7
Q

Steps of recruiting a new employee?

A
  1. Create a job desription.
  2. Create a person specification.
  3. Advertise job vacancy.
  4. Shortlist best applicants.
  5. Selection.
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8
Q

What’s a job description?

A

A desciption of the work the employee will do.

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9
Q

What’s a person specification?

A

A description of the skills and qualifications the new employee will need.

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10
Q

How can you advertise a job vacancy?

A
  • Job centre.
  • Local newspaper.
  • Recruitment websites.
  • Word of mouth.
  • Displaying details of vacancy on the business’s premises.
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11
Q

Methods of selection?

A
  • Interview.
  • Trials.
  • Tests.
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12
Q

Definition: Internal Recruitment

A

Promoting an existing employee of the business to fill a vacancy.

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13
Q

Definition: External Recruitment

A

Appointing an employee of another business to fill a vacancy.

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14
Q

Advantages of internal recruitment?

A
  • Employee already loyal.
  • Business knows strengths and weaknesses of the applicant.
  • Cheaper to advertise, quicker to recruit.
  • Less training
    • Reduces costs.
    • Saves time.
  • Improve worker’s morale because thre are promotion oppurtunities.
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15
Q

Advantages of external recruitment?

A
  • Doesn’t create another vacancy.
  • Bring in new ideas.
  • More skills/expirience.
  • Wider range of candidates.
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16
Q

What influences how much an employee is paid?

A
  • Skills.
  • Expirience.
  • Qualifications.
  • How much similar and local businesses are paying.
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17
Q

Definition: Wage

A

When an employee is paid a fixed amount for each hoour or day they work.

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18
Q

Definiton: Salary

A

When a worker is paid a fixed amoint per month or year, no matter what hours they work.

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19
Q

Monetary benefits?

A
  • Bonuses.
  • Commision (sales).
  • Profit sharing.
  • Company paying money into their pension.
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20
Q

Definition: Pension

A

A wage paid to retired workers. Employees pay into their ension whilst they are working and then take it once they’re retired.

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21
Q

Non-monetary rewards?

A
  • Company car.
  • Private health scheme.
  • Free mobile phone or laptop.
  • Staff discount.
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22
Q

Definition: Non-Monetary Rewards (fringe benefits)

A

Rewards to employees that do not involve direct payment of money to them.

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23
Q

Definition: Motivation

A

The desire to work and be productive.

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24
Q

Benefits of motivated staff to a small business?

A
  • Hardworking employees.
  • Employee loyalty.
  • Offering support to entrepreneur.

All of the above means a company gets a good reputation

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25
Q

Factors that can motivate employees?

A
  • Job enrichment - making the job more demanding and chalenging, giving the empoyee more authority at work.**​
  • Training - ensure that employee can handle more chalenging and demanding jobs. Shows that the business values the worker.
  • Working in teams - builds relationships between employees increasing their happiness and desire to work with other employees, make them work harder.
  • Non-monetary rewards.
  • Monetary rewards.
  • Job rotation - gives employee variety of jobs so they don’t get bored.
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26
Q

Laws affecting employees: Health and Safety

A
  • Increase costs of business (training).
  • Compliance means business avoids paying large fines if there’s an accident.
  • Improve motivation as workers know they’re safe.
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27
Q

Laws affecting employees: Discrimination Laws

A
  • Extra costs, might have to employ an expert on employment law, legal advice may be expensive.
  • May lead to employing a different employee that may be better suited for the job.
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28
Q

Laws affecting employees: Minimum Wage

A
  • Increase costs, costs may be higher than they would be without the law.
    • Lower profits.
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29
Q

Laws affecting employees: Employment Rights

A
  • Extra costs, maternity pay.
    • Replacment employee likely to be unfamiliar with the business and may require training.
      • Increase costs.
  • Improved motivation.
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30
Q

Laws affecting employees: Equal Pay

A
  • Increase costs, costs may be higher than they would be without the law.
    • Lower profits.
31
Q

Definition: Job Production

A

When induvidual or unique products are made to match the requirments of the customer.

32
Q

Kinds of businesses that might use Job Production?

A
  • Clothing.
  • Hairdressers.
  • Architects.
  • Artists.
  • Wedding planners.
33
Q

Job Production: each prodcut that is produced is unique or induvidual. Advantages and Disadvantages?

A

Advantages:

  • High prices can be charged.
  • People will pay more for unique designs.

Disadvantages:

  • Labour costs are high.
    • Specakist skills.
  • Take time to produce.
34
Q

Job Production: each prodcut is made to match the requirments of the customer. Advantages and Disadvantages?

A

Advantages:

  • Can meet specific target market’s need’s.
    • Flexible prodcution process.

Disadvantages:

  • High production costs other than labour.
    • Can’t buy in bulk.
    • High waste.
    • Buy lots of materials.
35
Q

Definition: Batch Production

A

When groups or batches of identical products are made.

36
Q

Kinds of businesses that might use batch production?

A
  • Bakers.
  • Clothing manufacturers.
  • Food producers.
  • Fast food resturants.
37
Q

Batch Production: products are produced in larger quantities. Advantages and Disadvantages?

A

Advantages:

  • Cost of each unit is lower than job production.

Disadvantages:

  • Less scope for customisation.
38
Q

Batch Production: a group of products that are identical to eachother can be produced. Advantages and Disadvantages?

A

Advantages:

  • Different target markets can be catered for.

Disadvantages:

  • Can take time to switch batches.
39
Q

Definition: Operational Efficiency

A

Producing goods and services to an acceptable standard with as few recourses as possible to keep costs per unit low.

40
Q

Definition: Unit Costs

A

The average cost of making one product (known as a unit of output).

41
Q

Formula for Unit Costs

A

Unit cost = total costs ÷ output

42
Q

Advantages of being more efficient (lower unit costs)?

A
  • Reduce selling price and hopefully see and increase in demand.
  • Leave prices the same and make more profit on each product sold.
43
Q

Ways of improving the efficiency of a business?

A
  • Most efficient machinery.
    • However, can be expensive.
  • More motivated workers.
  • Reduce mistakes/wastage.
  • More effective management - good managers helpt ensure the above.
  • Change from job production to batch production.
  • Specilisation.
44
Q

Definition: Specilisation

A

Work is divided into seperate tasks or jobs that allow workers to become skilled at one of them.

45
Q

Technology used in production?

A
  • Robots used in production.
  • Stock control programmes.
  • Communication technology.
  • Design technology.
46
Q

Definition: Computerised Stock Control

A

The use of computers to keep records of all of the stock the business has on its premises.

47
Q

Definition: Computer Aided Design (CAD)

A

Using computer programmes to design products, such as cars, chocolate bars and clothes.

48
Q

Advantages of using Robots in production?

A
  • Make less mistakes.
  • Work 24/7.
  • No wages.
  • No lunchbreaks etc.
49
Q

Advantages of using Computerised Stock Control in production?

A
  • Workers don’t have to manually keep track of how much stock is left.
  • Bar codes can instantly record that a product has been sold, so customers can be served quicker.
  • Computers can automatically order more stock when supplies get low.
50
Q

Advantages of using ICT in production?

A
  • Keep customers up-to-date through internet.
  • Sell through the internet (e-commerce).
  • Emails are cheap and quick.
  • Cheap & quick communication between staff.
51
Q

Advantages of using Design Technology in production?

A
  • Designers can lay their work out on screen, print it out as a 3D image and edit it.
  • New prodcuts can be designed and developed more quickly.
    • First mover advantage.
  • Onscreen simulated designs mean there is no need for physical prototypes, which reduces costs.
  • Design data is passed directly to computer controled machines for production, reducing the risk of errors.
52
Q

Problems with using new technology in production?

A
  • Cost of purchase can be expensive and beyond the recources of small firms.
  • Training of staff is an extra cost, which small firms might find difficult to support.
  • Workers can be reluctant to change and accept new ways as they fear they might lose their jobs.
53
Q

Definition: Quality Product

A

A good or service that meets customers expectations and is therefore fit for purpose.

54
Q

Definition: Customer Expectation

A

The minimum quality standards for a product or service that is acceptable to consumers.

55
Q

How business can measure the quality of the products and services they provide?

A
  • Amount of refunds.
  • Ask customers.
  • Quantity sold.
56
Q

Advantages of producting a quality product?

A
  • Charge a higher price.
  • Potentially higher demand.
  • Better reputation & Satisfied customers.
    • Customers will return.
  • Lower costs due to less waste.
57
Q

Definition: Quality Assurance

A

Checking the quality of products at various stages of the production process rather than just checking quality at the end.

58
Q

Advantages of quality assurance?

A
  • Easier to fix.
    • Saves time.
  • High quality products first time round.
  • Less faulty products.
  • Less complaints.
  • Motivated staff.
  • Better raw materials - checked on arrival.
59
Q

Definiton: Customer Service

A

Providing services to customers before, during, and after their purchase.

60
Q

Examples of good customer sevice?

A
  • Reliability.
    • ​Opening times.
  • Pre-Sales.
    • ​Advice.
      • Trained staff.
  • During Sales.
    • ​Speed of service.
    • Help with setting up product.
  • After Sales.
    • ​Helpline.
    • Refunds/complaints.
61
Q

Benefits of providing good customer service?

A
  • Better reputation.
    • Increased demand.
      • More sales.
  • Customer loyalty (return).
    • Customers recomend business.
      • More sales.
  • Fewer complaints.
    • Less time consuming and less expensive.
      • Staff be more motivated.
62
Q

ICT & Customer Service: Advantages to customers?

A
  • Websites provide easy access and contain details of the business and its products.
  • Websites allow customers to easily compare prices.
  • Internet allows customers to order and pay online.
  • Customers can use internet to contact businesses directly.
63
Q

ICT & Customer Service: Disadvantages to customers?

A
  • Internet requires a computer (not everyone has one).
  • Websites can become out of date.
  • Customers can’t test products out before buying them over the internet.
  • Some customers prefer face to face contact with sales staff so their queiries can be answered.
64
Q

ICT & Customer Service: Advantages to businesses?

A
  • Quite cheap to set-up a website.
  • Businesses can target customers globally.
    • Increased sales.
  • Website may be cheaper than setting up a shop or producing a catologue.
65
Q

ICT & Customer Service: Disadvantages to businesses?

A
  • Websites need maintaining and updating, which may cost money.
  • Extra staff may be required to handle orders and deal with email enquiries.
66
Q

Definition: Customer Protection

A

Laws that protect the interests of consumers when buying goods or services.

67
Q

Consequences that businesses may encounter if they break consumer protection laws?

A
  • Fines and legal action.
  • Bad reputation.
  • Loss of customers.
68
Q

Advantages of consumer protection laws for businesses?

A
  • Consumers have the confidence to make purchases.
  • Reduces the risks of losing customers due to bad products or misleading adverts.
  • Prevents unfair competition from low price businesses that save on costs by selling badly made, dangerous goods.
69
Q

Disadvantages of consumer protection laws for businesses?

A
  • Meeting the conditions of the laws can be expensive.
  • Time consuming to keep up-to-date with new laws on conumer protection.
70
Q

Consumer Protection Law: Sales of Goods and Services Act (1979)

A

This law ensures that products, when sold, should work as expected and be undamaged. The goods should be as describedand of the expected quality.

71
Q

Consumer Protection Law: Consumer Protection Act (1987)

A

This law prevents firms from selling dangerous products to consumers. It makes businesses liable for any illness of injury to consumers caused by their products.

72
Q

Consumer Protection Law: Competition Act (1998)

A

Businesses must not have secret agreements with their competitors that ‘fix’ their prices.

73
Q

Consumer Protection Law: Consumer Protection (Distant Selling) (2000)

A

This protects consumers who buy over the internet, TV, telephone, and mail order.

Businesses must provide clear product descriptions of products and refund money within 7 days.

74
Q

Consumer Protection Law: Unfair Trading Regulations (2008)

A

Makes it illegal to give customers incorrect information on packaging and labels. It also outlaws aggresive selling tactics by door-door sales people.

GCSE Business Studies AQA (5 decks)

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