Unit 4 (Computational thinking) Flashcards
If you want to solve a problem you must follow 5 steps
Information Ideifnicition Delvopment(epplore various alternatives, and develop solutions) Selection Implementation
Flowchart is used to:
Flowhcart is used to diagrammaticaly describe an alorigthim
Sub-procedures mean
Sub-procedures mean you
An algorithm is:
An algorithm: is a serious of instructions designed to solve a problem and achieve a certain goal.
An algorithm must have the following properties: Finitness, definiteness, input, output effectiveness
Finiteness: An algorithm must always terminate after a number of steps
Definiteness: Steps must be precisely defined
Input: quanntites which are given to it initially before algorithm begins (whats put into the alg)
Output: the result of the algorithm
An identifier:
An idenfitifer: is the name that is used by the programmer to uniquely idiefntiy a variable, an object, a sub procedure etc.
Iteration is:
Iteration: is the process of repeating a series of instructions
Condition statement:
Condition statement: prefroms different instructions depending on a boolean test
Pre-planning:
Pre planning: is the process of planning osmehting in advance
Prefechting:
Prefecthing: means getting data or instruction from memory into the cache before they are actually needed. Ex, when a program requests data that was previously prefetched, it can use the pre fetched data and continue with execution, instead of waiting for the data from RAM.
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Gannt chart:
Gannt chart: is a type of bar chart that is used for project sceuhle and project management.
Pre-condition:
Pre condition: indicates what must be true before before the sub-procudre is called
Post-condition:
Post-condiiton: indnaites what will be true when the sub producide completes its task. Ex, when cooking a meal for dinner all the necessary ingredients should be available before cooking. This is a precondition of the algorithm cooking. Agter cooking a table is neeed to facilitate eating. This is ht epost-condition for a proper dinner.
Exception:
Exception: is an act or event that disrupts the anticipated flow of the program’s execution.
Concurrent: and Concurrent processing
Concurrent: means something that happens at the same time as something else.
: means the execution of different instructions simultaneous by mutliply processor to achieve the best performance.
Abstract thinking:
Abstract thinking: means reflecting on events, ideas, attributes and relationships in a manner that hies all unnecessary details of specific objects.
Object-orinted programming:
Object-orinted programming: uses abstraction and is based on the principle that all everyday taste can be considered as entities. These entities are either objects or events. So it desibres data (properoties) and behavior (methods) of real objects. he main ideas behind Java’s Object-Oriented Programming, OOP concepts include abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism. Object Oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that relies on the concept of classes and objects. It is used to structure a software program into simple, reusable pieces of code blueprints (usually called classes), which are used to create individual instances of objects. In functional programming, data cannot be stored in objects, and it can only be transformed by creating functions. In object-oriented programming, data is stored in objects
Object manipulation
Object manipulation: means storing information inside object
Object manipulation
Object manipulation: means storing information inside object
Modelling and simultion:
Modelling and simultion: mathicamoal modelling refers refers to a process where a system is understood well enough and scieintens describe it usng mathematical language
Variable:
variable: acts a storage location that be used to store a value.
Variable:
variable: acts a storage location that be used to store a value.
Array of objects:
Array of objects: is an array of reference variable. represent storing multiple objects in a single name.
Array of objects:
Array of objects: is an array of reference variable. represent storing multiple objects in a single name.