Unit 1 organized Flashcards
A new system can be created to
replace a system that is inefficient, no longer suitable for its original purpose, expensive or out-dated
Two important considerations whenconsidering a new system’s context are:
Two important considerations whenconsidering a new system’s context are: – The extent of the new system. – The limitations of the new system
Changing a system can be difficult for a variety of reasons:
Changing a system can be difficult for a variety of reasons:
– Users don’t like change (too often/at all)
– New systems might omit old features
– Old systems might be faster in certain circumstances
– People find change complex
– From a technology perspective, change might lead to incompatibility
– There might be data loss during migration
– It might be expensive (either in terms of money or time)
Important steps to change systems
mportant steps to change
Plan
Communicate
Integrate (If it’s possible for the change program of your business to be adjusted)
Evaluate (It’s crucial that the organisation, its passage through the change program, and the widere organisation)
Saas, benfits and drawbacks
Saas: SaaS is a software distribution model in which a third-party provider hosts applications and makes them available to customers over the Internet.
User documentation: Name 3, benfits and drawbacks
User documentation: is any document that explains how to use the features and functions of a system to its end-users. 3 types. Help files, online services, manuals
Help files :Files supplied together with the system. Help files provide general information about an application’s functions, is always there, doesnt need connection. They can usually be called up with a button in the system. Advantages: 1) Accessible at any time when using the program, 2) Give general instructions on how to use the system. 3) Give general instructions on how to solve some major errors. Disadvantages: 1) They can only be used after system has been installed. 2) They don’t give any help when installing the solution. 3) They often only deal with very general errors. 4) They often lack a search capability, you have to look to find help for your problem
Onlne services: Special web service hosted by the system’s developer to provide user documentation. An online service by developers to provide user documentation. Advantages: 1) They are often extensive compared to help files. 2) They get continuously revised by the systems developer to deal with the problems occurring most often (FAQs). 3) They often provide an option for live support, talking to a real human operator if a problem arises which the user documentation has no answer to. 4) They often have search capabilities built-in so that users can easily search through them. Disadvantages: 1)They are useless if users have no internet connection. 2) Live support does not work quite well with users unfamiliar with computers when they have to explain their problem (“I clicked ‘that’ button and then something happened!”)
Printed manuals: Manuals printed on paper and supplied together with the system.Manuals printed on paper and supplied together with the system. Advantages: 1) They can be read through by users before starting to work with the new system.2) Always available.3)Give help installing the system. Disadvantages: 1)Can be lost / misplaced / limited in number. 2) Often limited to a little booklet supplying little information apart from how to install the system. 3)Not be updated every time the system is updated
User training: 3 types and benfits/drawbacks
User training: Training end-users in using a new system is very important as productivity greatly depend on how familiar they are with a system. 3 Types of user training: Self-Instruction, formal classes, remote/online training.
Self instruction : Users can learn how to use a new system on their own, provided they have the right material to learn from. It can take the form of reading a manual or watching a tutorial.
Formal classes : Users sitting in a classroom listening to an instructor who shows and explains how to use the system. This type of training is useful to train large amounts of staff as it is effective and relatively cheap, but if the size of the classes is too big, there is little time to deal with individual problems and questions.
Remote / Online training : An instructor training one user or a small group of users by some kind of remote connection (Skype, Google Hangouts, Face time, etc.).This is the most effective way of training as training can be suited to user’s needs and abilities, while being instructed by a professional that caters to specific needs.
User training: 3 types and benfits/drawbacks
User training: Training end-users in using a new system is very important as productivity greatly depend on how familiar they are with a system. 3 Types of user training: Self-Instruction, formal classes, remote/online training.
Self instruction : Users can learn how to use a new system on their own, provided they have the right material to learn from. It can take the form of reading a manual or watching a tutorial.
Formal classes : Users sitting in a classroom listening to an instructor who shows and explains how to use the system. This type of training is useful to train large amounts of staff as it is effective and relatively cheap, but if the size of the classes is too big, there is little time to deal with individual problems and questions.
Remote / Online training : An instructor training one user or a small group of users by some kind of remote connection (Skype, Google Hangouts, Face time, etc.).This is the most effective way of training as training can be suited to user’s needs and abilities, while being instructed by a professional that caters to specific needs.
Change management:
Change management: involves various parameters and is a process of shifting individuals, teams, departments and organizations from the present state to a desired state.
A computer system includes:
Computer systems consist of hardware and software components and follow the concept of the input, process, output and storage model.
legacy system
legacy system: refers to an old technology, hardware, computer system, or application program.
software incompatibility:
software incompatibility: It is a situation where different software entities or systems cannot operate satisfactorily, cooperatively or independently, on the same computer, or on different computers linked by a local or wide area computer network.
Data migration:, erros that can occur
Data migration refers to the transfer of data between different formats, storage types and computer systems.
Possible problems that may arise from Data migration: Incompatible file formats ,Data structure differences ,Validation rules, Incomplete data transfers. incompatible file format: As the same piece of software might have different versions, the data created in one version, might not be compatible with another version. structure differences. Data structure differences: Moving data from a table to a flat file, or from an array to a linked list, might cause a lot of problems. Validation rules : These rules are applied to inputs. If these are different at the destination than at the source, data will be rejected and lost. Incomplete data transfer: If the actual transfer is interrupted, only part of the data will be at the destination, leading to loss.
Static testing vs dynamic testing
Static Testing: Reviews, walkthroughs, or inspections. Static testing is often implicit, like proofreading, such as when the IDEs check source code or syntax. Static testing involves verification,
Dyanmic testing: executing programmed code with a given set of test cases. Dynamic testing takes place when the program is run. Dynamic testing may begin before the program is 100% complete in order to test particular sections/modules of code. dynamic testing also involves validation.
Beta vs Alpha testing
Alpha testing: performed by testers who are usually internal employees of the organization
Beta testing: is performed by clients or end users who are not employees of the organization
