Unit 4 - Clinical Procedures

Question 1

What are some examples of diagnostic sampling?

Answer 1

Blood, abdominocentesis, arthrocentesis, cerebrospinal fluid, thoracocentesis, transtracheal aspiration, urine and fecal collection

Question 2

What are artery blood draws for?

Answer 2

Blood gases

Question 3

Where do we perform arterial draws on equine?

Answer 3

transverse facial or dorsal metatarsal

Question 4

What veins do we draw from in equine?

Answer 4

Jugular**, cephalic, lateral thoracic, saphenous, coccygeal

Question 5

What are urinalysis used for in equine?

Answer 5

Urinary tract disease, systemic disease, and toxicology

Question 6

Why are cystocentesis not performed in equine?

Answer 6

size and risk

Question 7

Catheterization for urine collection in equine is difficult and poses a risk for what?

Answer 7

cystitis

Question 8

What crystals are normal to find in a horses urine?

Answer 8

Calcium carbonate

Question 9

What size needle is used in abdominocentesis in equine?

Answer 9

18/19 gauge x 1.5”

Question 10

How many mLs do we need in an EDTA tube for abdominocentesis?

Answer 10

1 mL

Question 11

How many drops of fluid do we put in a serum tube for a culture of abdominal fluid?

Answer 11

1 drop

Question 12

What three things do we do when done with arthrocentesis, abdominocentesis, CSF collection, thoracocentesis, and percutaneous transtracheal washes?

Answer 12

apply pressure, clean, and apply topical antibiotics

Question 13

What size syringe is needed during arthrocentesis?

Answer 13

6-12mL

Question 14

Which collection method of CSF requires anesthesia?

Answer 14

Atlantooccipital

Question 15

What would cause us to perform a thoracocentesis?

Answer 15

Diseases of pleural space, lung, heart, or neoplasia

Question 16

Transtracheal washes can be performed two ways, what are they?

Answer 16

endoscopic and percutaneous

Question 17

Which method of transtracheal wash is sterile and invasive?

Answer 17

percutaneous

Question 18

What are disadvantages of endoscopic transtracheal washes?

Answer 18

cost, patient resistance, and contamination

Question 19

How many mLs are injected during endoscopic transtracheal washes?

Answer 19

100-200mLs

Question 20

Where are percutaneous transtracheal washes performed?

Answer 20

ventral midline of next, middle third of trachea

Question 21

What are the three ways to give oral medication in horses?

Answer 21

Feed additive, dosing syringe, nasogastric tube

Question 22

What are pitfalls are NG tubes in equine?

Answer 22

bleeding, tracheal intubation (pneumonia), resentment by horse (danger to staff)

Question 23

What volume of an enema is given to a 1,000lb horse?

Answer 23

1-3 gals

Question 24

What is the maximum volume you can use in an IM injection in equine?

Answer 24

15mLs

Question 25

What gauge needle is used for IM injections in equine?

Answer 25

18-22

Question 26

What muscles are used for IM injections?

Answer 26

Neck, pectoral, gluteal, triceps, and semitendinosus

Question 27

What gauge needle is used for IV injections in equine?

Answer 27

14-22

Question 28

What vein is used first for IV injections equine?

Answer 28

Jugular

Question 29

What other veins are used for IV injections in equine?

Answer 29

Lateral thoracic, cephalic, saphenous, and coccygeal

Question 30

What gauge of needle is used for subcutaneous injections in equine?

Answer 30

20-25

Question 31

How many mLs are injected intradermal in equine?

Answer 31

1mL