Unit 4 - Clinical Procedures Flashcards
What are some examples of diagnostic sampling?
Blood, abdominocentesis, arthrocentesis, cerebrospinal fluid, thoracocentesis, transtracheal aspiration, urine and fecal collection
What are artery blood draws for?
Blood gases
Where do we perform arterial draws on equine?
transverse facial or dorsal metatarsal
What veins do we draw from in equine?
Jugular**, cephalic, lateral thoracic, saphenous, coccygeal
What are urinalysis used for in equine?
Urinary tract disease, systemic disease, and toxicology
Why are cystocentesis not performed in equine?
size and risk
Catheterization for urine collection in equine is difficult and poses a risk for what?
cystitis
What crystals are normal to find in a horses urine?
Calcium carbonate
What size needle is used in abdominocentesis in equine?
18/19 gauge x 1.5”
How many mLs do we need in an EDTA tube for abdominocentesis?
1 mL
How many drops of fluid do we put in a serum tube for a culture of abdominal fluid?
1 drop
What three things do we do when done with arthrocentesis, abdominocentesis, CSF collection, thoracocentesis, and percutaneous transtracheal washes?
apply pressure, clean, and apply topical antibiotics
What size syringe is needed during arthrocentesis?
6-12mL
Which collection method of CSF requires anesthesia?
Atlantooccipital
What would cause us to perform a thoracocentesis?
Diseases of pleural space, lung, heart, or neoplasia
Transtracheal washes can be performed two ways, what are they?
endoscopic and percutaneous
Which method of transtracheal wash is sterile and invasive?
percutaneous
What are disadvantages of endoscopic transtracheal washes?
cost, patient resistance, and contamination
How many mLs are injected during endoscopic transtracheal washes?
100-200mLs
Where are percutaneous transtracheal washes performed?
ventral midline of next, middle third of trachea
What are the three ways to give oral medication in horses?
Feed additive, dosing syringe, nasogastric tube
What are pitfalls are NG tubes in equine?
bleeding, tracheal intubation (pneumonia), resentment by horse (danger to staff)
What volume of an enema is given to a 1,000lb horse?
1-3 gals
What is the maximum volume you can use in an IM injection in equine?
15mLs
