Unit 4: Civil War & Reconstruction

Question 1

Westward expansion, states; rights, slavery

Answer 1

Causes of the Civil War

Question 2

Economic resources: industrial capacity (factories), miles of railroad track, larger population (2/3 of population/manpower), a navy

Answer 2

Northern Advantage

Question 3

Anaconda Plan and blocking Southern ports

Answer 3

North Strategy

Question 4

Defend their territory (defensive) and fight a war of attrition (until the North tired of the war effort and quit)

Answer 4

South Strategy

Question 5

Military leadership, geography (familiar with home terrain), motivation (states; rights)

Answer 5

South Advantage

Question 6

Political leadership offered by Abraham Lincoln as witnessed through his ability to retain public support

Answer 6

North Advantage

Question 7

Changed the focus of the war goal from preserving the Union to liberating the slaves. Served as a military, political, and diplomatic (foreign countries) document. Allowed African-American men to enlist in the army

Answer 7

Emancipation Proclamation

Question 8

Poorly supplied and paid less than their white counterparts. Served under the command of white offers

Answer 8

Segregated Units

Question 9

Strategy used by Grant and Sherman on the destructive “march to the sea” to force the South to surrender

Answer 9

‘total war’

Question 10

Confederate forces invaded the North twice but were forced back and defeated in these battles

Answer 10

Antietam and Gettysburg

Question 11

Passed a Congressional Reconstruction plan that split the Confederacy into five military districts, impeached President Andrew Johnson, and passed the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments

Answer 11

Radical Republicans

Question 12

Overturned the Dred Scott decision and upheld the right of all citizens to “equal protection” before the law and “due process” of law

Answer 12

14th Amendment

Question 13

Ensured that the right to vote for all male citizens, in the North as well as in the South, would not be denied based on “race, creed, or previous condition of servitude”. Helped establish political power of the Republican Party in the South

Answer 13

15th Amendment

Question 14

Freedman were able to vote, “carpetbaggers” and scalawags” followed Reconstruction principles, African Americans were elected to the House of Representatives and the Senate, and state governments were the most democratic governments the South had ever had

Answer 14

Political effects

Question 15

Freedman found initial change, but social classes remained fairly stable, states passed laws that began public education, but schools were segregated

Answer 15

Social effects

Question 16

The South remained in a state of economic depression, agriculture, and cotton were still prominent, but sharecropping had replaced slave labor

Answer 16

Economic effects

Question 17

Limitations on these Constitutional Rights included the Black Codes, poll taxes, literacy tests, and the use of terrorist tactics by the Ku Klux Klan and other vigilante groups

Answer 17

Reconstruction Amendments

Question 18

Freed slaves throughout the United States

Answer 18

13th Amendment

Question 19

Negotiated contracts between former slaves and landowners, established schools, and provided clothes, meals, and medical attention

Answer 19

Freedmen’s Bureau

Question 20

Sharecropping kept the freedmen “tied to the land” and in a position of economic dependence

Answer 20

Crop lien system

Question 21

Assured that white men who could not read or pay a poll tax were able to vote

Answer 21

Grandfather Clause

Question 22

Upheld segregation through the Him Crow laws

Answer 22

Plessy v. Ferguson