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Chemistry > Unit 4- Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Unit 4- Chemical Changes Flashcards

1
Q

What does OILRIG stand for

A

oxidation is loss, reduction is gain

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2
Q

Oxidation and reduction always occur ?

A

Together👫👫👫💏

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3
Q

When metals react with oxygen, what do they form?

A

Metal oxides

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4
Q

When metals react, their atoms lose electrons to form ?

A

To form positive metal ions

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5
Q

Some metals lose electrons more easily thsn others.

The more easily a metal loses electrons, ?

A

The more reactive the metal is

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6
Q

The reaction of metals with acid and water can be used to show the reactivity series.
What is the anomaly for it?

A 
Please- potassium
Send- sodium
Charlies- calcium
Monkeys- magnesium 
And- aluminium 
Crazy- carbon
Zebras- zinc
In-iron
Cages-copper
Securely -silver
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7
Q

Metals react with acids to produce ?

A

Salts and hydrogen

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8
Q

What are 3 very reactive metals

A

Lithium
Sodium
Potassium

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9
Q

Where do unreactive metals such as gold are found where?

A

On the earth surface

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10
Q

What does PANIC stand for?

A 
Positive
Anode
Negative
Is 
Cathode
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11
Q

Metals that are more reactive than carbon are extracted from molten compounds by what?

A

Electrolysis

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12
Q

Metals that are les reactive than carbon can be extracted from their oxides by?

A

Heating with carbon

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13
Q

In a displacement reaction a more reactive metal will ?

A

Displace a less reactive metal from a solution of its salt

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14
Q

When substances dissolve in water, they ?

A

Dissociate into their individual ions:

  1. Hydroxide ions OH-(aq), make solutions alkaline
  2. Hydrogen ions H+(aq), make solutions acidic
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15
Q

1-6 on the pH scale are?

A

Acidic

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16
Q

8-14 ?

A

Alkaline

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17
Q

7?

A

Neutral

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18
Q

How can the pH of a solution be measured?

A

pH probe or universal indicator

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19
Q

What are indicators

A

Dyes that change colour depending on whether the are alkaline or acidic solutions

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20
Q

Red=?

A

Acidic

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21
Q

Green=?

A

Neutral

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22
Q

Purple?

A

Alkaline

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23
Q

Soluble bases are called ?

A

Alkalines

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24
Q

How are acids neutralised?

A

Bases

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25
Acid + hydroxide --->? + ?
Acid + hydroxide--> salt + water
26
Is this neutralisation?why H+(aq) + OH-(aq)--->H2O(I)
Yes because an acid has reacted with a alkaline and has produced water which is neutral
27
Acids can also be neutralised by?
Metal carbonates | Metal oxides
28
Acid + metal oxide ---->? + ?
Salt + water
29
Acid + metal carbonate ---> ? + ? + ?
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
30
A salt is produced when the hydrogen is replaced by a ?
Metal ion
31
Name the salts produced by? Hydrochloric acid Nitric acid Sulphuric acid
Hydrochloric acid-chloride salts Nitric acid-nitrate salts Sulphuric acid-sulphate salts
32
See the practical on preparing a pure dry sample of a soluble salt from an insoluble oxide or carbonate
✅
33
Strong acids are completely ..... in water💧
Ionised (split up into ions) in water
34
Name 3 types of strong acids
Hydrochloric acid Nitric acid Sulphuric acid
35
Name 3 weak acids
Ethanoic acid Citric acid Carbonic ackd
36
Weak acids are only .... in water?
Partially ionised in water
37
The pH of a solution is a measure of the concentration of what ions?
H+ ions
38
A pH decrease of 1 unit indicates ?
That the concentration of hydrogen ions has increased by a factor of 10
39
The larger the hydrogen ion concentration, the lower the ?
pH
40
In oxidation reactions, a substance ?
Often gains oxygen
41
In reduction reactions, a substance often ?
Loses oxygen
42
Oxidation and reduction always occur?
Together 🙏🏼🤝👫
43
What is electrolysis?
When electricity is used to break down compounds containing ions into their constituent elements
44
What is the substance being broken down electrolysis called
An electrolyte
45
Where is the electric charge carried by ? | They must be free to ?
Carried by ions | Must be free to move
46
Why cant a solid be used during electrolysis
the ions are fixed
47
What are the electrodes purposes in electrolysis | What are they usually
They are usually solid carbon rods which conduct electricity
48
The electrode attached to the positive terminal is called a what?
Anode
49
The electrode attached to the negative terminal is called a what?
Cathode
50
PANIC! = what
Positive anode | Negative cathode
51
Electrical current in electrolysis has to be AC or DC?
DC
52
Ions during electrolysis move towards the ? ? Electrode
oppositely charged electrode
53
Positive ions during electrolysis move to the ?
Cathode
54
Negative ions during electrolysis move to the ?
Anode
55
If a metal is formed, it will always be at the ?
CATHODE
56
When ionic compounds are dissolved in water to form aqueous solutions. What is also present which complicates it🙄
Hydrogen and hydroxide
57
At the positive+ electrode during electrolysis in an aqueous solution, if a HALOGEN is available it will be formed, otherwise ? is broken down to release ?
Hydroxide ions break down to release O2 gas
58
At the cathode during electrolysis in an aqueous solution, the least reactive substance is discharged. The ions that are not discharged remain where?
In the solution
59
See required electrolysis practical in an aqueous solution
✅
60
Reduction occurs when positively charged ions gain electrons where?
At the cathode
61
Oxidation occurs when negatively charged ions lose electrons at the ?
Anode
62
In a redox reaction both ? Occur
Both reduction and oxidation occurs
63
What can be used to show reactions that take place at the electrodes during electrolysis
Half-equations
64
In the electrolysis of molten copper chloride- copper is deposited on the cathode. Show this in an equation for both copper and chlorine
Cu2+ + 2e- ➡️ Cu ( copper ions gain electrons so are reduced) 2Cl-➡️ Cl2 + 2e- ( the chlorine ion lose electrons so they are oxidised)
65
Metals that are more reactive than carbon can be extracted from their ores using ? This can be ?
Electrolysis | Expensive because of the amount of current and heat needed
66
Explain the electrolysis of aluminium oxide 4 steps! 🌡 - + ❌
1. First aluminium oxide is mixed with cryolite, thus lowering the melting point and meaning less energy is needed 2. Aluminium is formed at the cathode 3. Oxygen gas forms at the anode and reacts with carbon to form carbon dioxide 4. This wears away the anode, which is replaced regularly
67
What is the half equation of aluminium oxide
Cathode- Al3+ + 3e- ➡️ Al Anode- 2O2-➡️ O2 + 4e-

Chemistry (7 decks)

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